Good Afternoon

Rovelyn Cabrera
Prepared by:
 What is the ratio of
yellow banana to red
apple?
 What is the ratio of yellow
pineapple to red strawberry?
 What is the ratio of
green pear to red apple?
What is the ratio of yellow
banana to red apple?
What is the ratio of yellow
banana to red apple?
 Ratio &
Proportion
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson you must be able to:
• Understand the concepts of ratio
• Know how to determine ratio
• Know how to calculate with rates
• Understand the concepts of proportion
• Know how to determine proportion
• Know how to use cross products
• Ratio and Proportion are explained majorly
based on fractions. When a fraction is
represented in the form of a:b, then it is a
ratio whereas a proportion states that two
ratios are equal. Here, a and b are any two
integers. The ratio and proportion are the two
important concepts, and it is the foundation to
understand the various concepts in
mathematics as well as in science.
•
 Ratios
• Ratios are comparison made between two
sets of numbers.
For example:
There are eight girls and seven boys in a class.
The ratio of girls to boys is 8 to 7.
There are 3 ways to write ratios
1. Write the ratio using word "to" between the two
numbers.
For example: There are 8 girls and 5 boys in my class.
What is the ratio of girls to boys.
The ratio is : 8girls to 5boys
8 to 5
 There are 3 ways to write ratios
2. Write a ratio using a colon between the two
numbers being compared. For example: There are
3 apples and 4 oranges in the basket. What is the
ratio of apples to oranges?
The ratio is: 3 apples to 4 oranges.
3:4
 There are 3 ways to write ratios
3. Write a ratio as a fraction.
For Example:
Hunter and Brandon were playing basketball. Brandon
scores 5 baskets and Hunter scores 6 basket. What was
the ratio of basket Hunters scored to the basket
Brandon scored?
The ratio of baskets scored was: 6basket to 5basket
 Equivalent and Simplest Form of Ratios
•As we know, two or more ratios are equivalent if their
simplified forms are the same. Thus, to find a ratio
equivalent to another we have to multiply the two
quantities, by the same number.
•Another way to find equivalent ratios is to convert the
given ratio into fraction form and then multiply the
numerator and denominator by the same number to get
equivalent fractions. Then again we can write the
resulting fraction as an equivalent ratio.
The examples of equivalent & Simplest
Form of ratios are:
• 2 : 4 :: 4 : 8
• 10 : 20 :: 20 :40
• 1 : 2 :: 2 : 4
• 0.5 : 1 :: 2:4
 Solved Examples

Q.1: Find the equivalent ratios of 8 : 18.

Solution: Let us first write the given ratio as a fraction.
 Solved Examples
Q.2. Find any two equivalent ratios of 4 : 5.
Solution: Let us first write the given ratio as a fraction.
Q.3. How can we find the equivalent ratio of 6:4?
 Reduce the Ratio if Necessary
Reduce means break down a fraction or ratio in to
the lowes form.
Reduce= smaller number ; operation will always
be division.
 Solving Problem
Kelsely has been reading Hunger Games for class. She read15
chapter in 3 days. What is the ratio of chapters read to the number
of days she read?
 Proportions

A proportion is an equation in which two

ratios are set equal to each other.To determine
a proportion true, cross multiply.
 Proportional Relationship

Proportional relationships are relationships between two

variables where their ratios are equivalent. Another way
to think about them is that, in a proportional
relationship, one variable is always a constant value
times the other. That constant is know as the "constant
of proportionality".
Solve the problem using proportional relationship.
1. Nicholas drinks 8 ounces of milk for every 5 cookies he
eats. If he eats 20 cookies, how many ounces of milk does
he drink?
Solve the problem using proportional relationship.

2. The ratio of fiction books to non-fiction books in Roxane's library

is 7 to 4. If Roxane owns 182 fiction books, how many non-fiction
books does she own?
 Example of True Proportion

If the cross products are equal, then it is a true

proportion.
 Solving Proportion with Variables

What is variables?
• A variables is any letter that takes place of a
missing number or information
• Direction: Solve each Proportion with
Variables
• Step 1: Set up the Proportion
• Step 2: Cross Multiply
• Step 3: Divide
• Step 4:Check answer
Direction: Solve each Proportion with Variables
Problem:
1.Justin's car uses 40 gallons of gas to drive 250 miles. At this rate
approximately, how many gallons of gas will he need for a trip of 600
miles.
Direction: Solve each Proportion with Variables
Problem:
2. If a 3 ggallon of milk cost $9, how many 3 gallon jugs can be
purchased for $45
Kinds of Proportion
 Directly Proportional

Direct proportion is the relationship between two variables whose

ratio is equal to a constant value. In other words, direct proportion is
a situation where an increase in one quantity causes a corresponding
increase in the other quantity, or a decrease in one quantity results in
a decrease in the other quantity.
Problem:
You go to store you pay $90 for Tshirts and we find the cost for $9 tshirts.
 Inv erse Proportio n

The definition of inverse proportion states that "Two quantities are

said to be in inverse proportion if an increase in one leads to a
decrease in the other quantity and a decrease in one leads to an
increase in the other quantity". In other words, if the product of
both the quantities, irrespective of a change in their values, is equal
to a constant value, then they are said to be in inverse proportion.
Problem:
Suppose x and y are in an inverse proportion such that when x =120,
y=5. Find the value of y when x=150 using inverse proportion formula.
Three quantities are said to be in continued proportion
Continued Proportion

if the ratio of the first term and second term be equal to

the ratio of the second term and third term.
Problem:
If k,8, 16 are in continued Proportion then find k?
Activity 1
1. A pancake recipe uses 1/4 cup of all purpose
flour and 1/4cup of rice flour . What is the ratio of
all-purpose flour to rice flour in the recipe?
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 1/1
d 2/1
2.Pippin owns 2 cats, 3 dogs, and a lizard as
pets. What is the ratio of the number of cats
to the total number of pets Pippin owns?
a.1/6
b. 1/3
c. 2/5
d. 1/2
 Activity 2

Direction: Solve to see each problem is a true proportion.

Activity 3
1. 30 : 20 and 24 : 16 equivalent ratios?
2. Find any two equivalent ratio of 6:7
 Activity 4
Direction: Solve the problem. Remember to reduce.
1.. Kelsely has been rreading Hunger Games for class. She read15
chapter in 3 days. What is the ratio of chapters read to the number of
days she read?
2.There are 26 black cards in a deck of playing cards. If there are 52
cards in a deck. What is the ratio of black cards to the deck of cards?