Programmable

Logic Controller
Engr.Jama Adam Salah
Introduction to
PLC Systems
 Introduction
• Programmable logic controllers are now the
most widely used industrial process control
technology.
• A PLC is a user-friendly, microprocessor based
specialized computer that carries out control
functions of many types and levels of
complexity.
• Its purpose is to monitor crucial process
parameters and adjust process operations
accordingly.
Control panel of a nuclear reactor
 Definition
• NEMA defines: PLC is a digitally operating electronic
apparatus(or electronic system), designed for use in an
industrial environment, which uses a programmable
memory for the internal storage of user-oriented
instructions for implementing specific functions such as
logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to
control, through digital or analog input/output modules,
various types of machines or processes.
• Unlike a personal computer, it has been designed to
operate in the industrial environment and is equipped
with special input/output interfaces and a control
programming language.
 History of PLCs
• The first PLC systems evolved from
conventional computers in the late 1960s
and early 1970s. These first PLCs were
installed primarily in automotive plants.
• The new PLCs helped reduce changeover
time to a matter of a few days from months.
• Costs dropped and became popular by 1980s
• Now used in many industrial designs
 Example PLCs
• OMRON • Addon
• DELTA PLC • Alstom
• SIEMENS • Ascom PLC
• ROCKWELL • Beckhoff
• MODICON • Bosch
• SCHNEIDER • Echelon
• ADVANTECH • Hitachi
• EkoPLC • Motorola
• Phoenix • Pancom
Example PLCs
Example PLCs
HMI(Human Machine Interface)
 How PLCs Works.
• A programmable logic controller is a specialized
computer used to control machines and
processes. The components that make a PLC
work can be divided into three core areas.
Without any of these major components, the
PLC will fail to function properly. The basic
components include a power supply, central
processing unit (CPU or processor), co-processor
modules, input and output modules (I/O), and a
peripheral device.
 Basic Operation of a PLC system.
• The operation of the PLC system is simple and straightforward.
The Process or CPU completes three processes: (1) scans, or
reads, from the input devices (2) executes or “solves” the
program logic, and (3) updates, or writes, to the output devices.
• The following is a list of programming languages specified by this
standard:
1) Ladder diagram (LD)
2) Sequential Function Charts (SFC)
3) Function Block Diagram (FBD)
4) Structured Text (ST)
5) Instruction List (IL)
 WHAT IS PLC in electrical?
• A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an
industrial computer control system that
continuously monitors the state of input devices
and makes decisions based upon a custom program
to control the state of output devices.
• PLC is used for automation of typically industrial
electromechanical processes, such as control of
machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement
rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many
machines, in many industries.
 Why PLC's are important
• PLC or Programmable Logic Controller is the
system that makes machinery and systems
work automatically. Without such system,
Transportation, manufacturing to amusement
rides or movie making process can't be done.
That's why PLC system is very important and
needed by all kinds of industry.
 Soft-wiring Technique
• In a traditional industrial control system, all control devices
are wired directly to each other according to how the system
is supposed to operate.
• In the PLC system, instead of being wired directly to each
other, all equipment is wired to the PLC.
• Then, the control program inside the PLC provides the
“wiring” connection between the devices.
• The use of a PLC to provide the wiring connections between
system devices is called soft-wiring.
• The soft-wiring advantage provided by programmable
controllers is tremendous.
• Soft-wiring makes changes in the control system easy and
cheap.
 Applications of PLCs in Industrial
Automation
• PLCs are necessary parts of industrial automation.
PLCs were invented as replacements for automated
systems that would use hundreds or thousands of
relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers. Often, a
single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands
of relays. The biggest advantage of using
programmable controllers is that they can replace the
complications of rewiring the hard-wired control
panels with simple software revisions when there is
change in process. 
 Advantages of PLCs
● More Flexibility
● Lower Cost
● Faster Response Time
● Easier to Troubleshoot
● Large Quantities of Contacts
● Pilot Running
● Visual Observation
● Ladder or Boolean Programming Method
● Reliability and Maintainability
 Disadvantages of PLCs
• Fixed Program Applications
• Fail-Safe Operation
• High initial cost
• Sensitive to dust, high temperature and high
humidity
• Repair must be made by a qualified personal
• Not very widespread
• No uniform programming language
 Operating systems and application programs
• A PLC contains a basic operating system that allows
for:
– Downloading and executing user (ladder logic)
programs
– Communicating with devices(IO module, other PLCs)
– Holding configuration data (IO module No&type,
status information)
• A PLC retains its operating system, user programs, and
some data in retentive (nonvolatile) memory
• A PLC can then resume running a user program as
soon as power is restored
 User program execution
• A PLC executes an initialization step when placed in run
mode, then repeatedly executes a scan cycle sequence
• The basic PLC scan cycle consists of three steps
– An input scan
– A user program scan
– An output scan
• The total time for one complete program scan is a
function of processor speed, I/O modules used, and
length of user program
• Typically, hundreds of complete scans can take place in
1 second
 The Scan Cycle
PLCs operate by continually scanning programs and repeat this
process many times per second. When a PLC starts, it runs
checks on the hardware and software for faults, also called a
self-test. If there are no problems, then the PLC will start the
scan cycle. The scan cycle consists of three steps: input scan,
executing program(s), and output scan.
 Input scan
• During the input scan, data is taken from all input modules
in the system and placed into an area of PLC memory referred
to as the input image area
 User program scan
• During the program scan, data in the input image area is
applied to the user program, the user program is executed
and the output image area is updated
 Output scan
• During the output scan, data is taken from the output
image area and sent to all output modules in the system
 Scanning consideration for scanning order
• Program (ladder logic) scanning typically takes place left
to right across each rung and from the top to bottom
rungs, in order
–Known as rung scanning, it is the method used, for
example, by Allen-Bradley
 Scanning consideration for scanning order
• Modicon/Schneider Automation uses column scanning
– Here the processor "looks" at the first contact at the top
left corner and reads the first column from top to bottom
– It next reads the second column from top to bottom,
and so on

• Either method, rung or column, is appropriate.

 PLC Architecture
The structure of a PLC is based on the same principles as those
employed in computer architecture.
The basic architecture of a PLC consists of main components-the
processor module, the power supply, and the I/O modules. The
processor module consists of the central processing unit (CPU) and
memory.
PLC System
 Internal Memory Organization
The memory of the PLC is organized by types.
The memory space can be divided by two broad categories;
program and data memory.
Data flow overview
 PLC Programming Languages
The term PLC programming language refers to the method by
which the user communicates information to the PLC.
The three most common language structures are;
● Ladder diagram language
● Boolean language
● Functional chart
Combinational logic
Sequential logic(draw-back structure)
Differences between Traditional Ladder Diagram
and PLC Ladder Diagram

Error detected in the

third raw!
 Model Explanation
• The DVP Series has main processing units and extension
units.
• The main processing units offer 14-60 points and the
extension units offer 8-32 points.
• The maximum input/output can be extended up to 128
points.
• It also can be used on applications according to
INPUT/OUTPUT points, power sources, output modules,
digital/analog exchanges (A/D & D/A converter).
• In addition, DVP SS Series has the special modules
(AD/DA/PT/TC/XA) used for extending its functions and
the maximum special modules can be extended up to 8
units.
Model Explanation
Model Explanation
 Peripheral Equipment
• DVPHPP: Handheld Programming Panel
• WPLSoft: Windows Ladder Logic Programming Software
• DPLSoft: DOS Ladder Logic Programming Software
• DVPACAB115: 1.5M Cable (HPP↔PLC, DVPHPP has this cable
attached)
• DVPACAB215: 1.5M Cable (PC(9 PIN & 25 PIN D-SUB) ↔PLC)
• DVPACAB230: 3M Cable (PC (9 PIN & 25 PIN D-SUB) ↔PLC)
• DVPACAB2A30: 3M Cable (PC (9 PIN D-SUB) ↔PLC)
• DVPACAB230: 3M Cable (PC↔PLC)
• DVPACAB315: 1.5M Cable (HPP↔PC)
• DVPACAB403: 30cm Cable (MPU-main processing unit↔Extension
Unit or Extension
• Unit↔Extension Unit I/O signal extension cable)
• DVPAADP01: HPP Power Supply (DVPACAB315 is attached)
Product Profile and Outline
Product Profile and Outline
Model Explanation
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Input relay
Input relay is the basic storage unit of internal memory
that corresponds to external input point (it is the
terminal that used to connect to external input switch
and receive external input signal).
Equipment indication method: X0, X1, …, X7, X10, X11, …
The symbol of equipment is X and the number uses octal.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Output relay
Output relay is the basic storage unit of internal memory
that corresponds to external output point (it is used to
connect to external load).
It can be driven by input relay contact, the contact of other
internal equipment and itself contact.
It uses a normally open contact to connect to external load
and other contacts can be used unlimitedly as input
contacts.
It doesn’t have the corresponding output relay, if need, it
can be used as internal relay.
Equipment indication: Y0, Y1,…Y7, Y10, Y11,…. .
The symbol of equipment is Y and the number uses octal.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Internal relay
The internal relay doesn’t connect directly to outside.
It is an auxiliary relay in PLC. Its function is the same as the
auxiliary relay in electric control circuit.
Each auxiliary relay has the corresponding basic unit.
It can be driven by the contact of input relay, output relay or other
internal equipment.
Its contacts can be used unlimitedly.
Internal auxiliary relay can’t output directly, it should output with
output point.
Equipment indication: M0, M1,…, M4, M5, …
The symbol of equipment is M and the number uses decimal
number system.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● STEP
DVP PLC provides input method for controlling program of step
actions.
It is very easy to write control program by using the conversion of
control step S of command STL.
If there is no step program in the program, step point S could be
used as internal relay M or alarm point.
Equipment indication: S0, S1, …, S1023.
The symbol of equipment is S and the number uses decimal.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Timer
Timer is used to control time. There are coil, contact and timer
storage. When coil is ON, its contact will act (contact A is close,
contact B is open) when attaining desired time.
The time value of timer is set by settings and each timer has its
regular period.
User sets the timer value and each timer has its timing period.
Once the coil is OFF, the contact won’t act (contact A is open and
contact B is close) and the timer will be set to zero.
Equipment indication: T0, T1,…,T255.
The symbol of equipment is T and the number uses decimal
system.
The different number range corresponds with the different timing
period.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Counter
Counter is used to count.
It needs to set counter before using counter (i.e. the pulse of
counter).
There are coil, contacts and storage unit of counter in counter.
When coil is form OFF to ON, that means input a pulse in counter
and the counter should add 1.
There are 16-bit, 32-bit and high-speed counter for user to use.
Equipment indication: C0, C1,…,C255.
The symbol of equipment is C and the number uses decimal.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Data register
PLC needs to handle data and operation when controlling each
order, timer value and counter value.
The data register is used to store data or parameters.
It stores 16-bit binary number, i.e. a word, in each register.
It uses two continuous number of data register to store double
words.
Equipment indication: D0, D1, …, D9,999.
The symbol of equipment is D and the number uses decimal.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● File register
The file register can be used to store data or parameter when the
register that PLC needs is not enough during handling data and
parameter. It can store 16-bit binary number, i.e. a word, in each
file register. It uses two continuous number of file register to
handle double word.
There are 1,600 file registers for SA/SX/SC series and 10,000 file
registers for EH series. There is not the real equipment number for
file register, thus it needs to execute READ/WRITE of file register
via commands API148 MEMR, API149 MEMW or the peripheral
equipment HPP and WPLSoft.
Equipment indication: K0~K9,999.
There is no equipment symbol and uses decimal number for
number.
 Inner equipment of PLC
● Index register
Index register E and F are 16-bit data register just the same as
general data register.
It can be wrote and read freely and has the function of index
indication to use for character device, bit device and constants.
Equipment indication: E0~E7, F0~F7.
The symbols of equipment are E, F and the umber uses decimal.
Basic Instructions and Step Ladder Instructions
● Basic Instructions
LD Loading in A contact X, Y, M, S, T, C
LDI Loading in B contact X, Y, M, S, T, C
AND Series connection- A contact X, Y,M, S, T, C
ANI Series connection- B contact X, Y,M, S, T, C
OR Parallel connection- A contact X, Y, M, S, T, C
ORI Parallel connection- B contact X, Y, M, S, T, C
ANB Series connection- loop blocks
ORB Parallel connection- loop blocks
MPS Store the current result of the internal PLC operations
MRD Reads the current result of the internal PLC operations
MPP Pops (recalls and removes) the currently stored result
Basic Instructions and Step Ladder Instructions
● Output instructions
OUT Output coil Y, M, S
SET Latched （ On ） Y, M, S
RST Clear the contacts or the registers Y, M, S, T, C, D, E, F
● Timers, Counters
TMR 16-bit timer T-K or T-D
CNT 16-bit counter C-K or C-D (16 bits)
DCNT 32-bit counter C-K or C-D (32 bits)
● Main control instructions
MC Master control start N0 ~ N7
MCR Master control reset N0 ~ N7
Basic Instructions and Step Ladder Instructions
● Instructions for detecting the contacts of rising-/falling-edge
LDP Rising-edge detection operation X, Y,M, S, T, C
LDF Falling-edge detection operation X, Y, M, S, T, C
ANDP Rising-edge series connection X, Y,M, S, T, C
ANDF Falling-edge series connection X, Y,M, S, T, C
ORP Rising-edge parallel connection X, Y, M, S, T, C
ORF Falling-edge parallel connection X, Y, M, S, T, C
● Rising-/falling-edge output instructions
PLS Rising-edge output Y, M
PLF Falling-edge output Y, M
Basic Instructions and Step Ladder Instructions
● End instruction
END Program ends
● Other instructions
NOP No operation
INV Inverting operation
P Pointer P0 ~ P255
I Interruption program marker I□□□
● Step ladder instructions
STL Step transition ladder start instruction S
RET Step transition ladder return instruction
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
Program Examples
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Stop first latched circuit

When the normally open contact X1 = On and the normally

closed contact X2 = Off, Y1 will be On.
If you make X2 = On at this time, Y1 will be Off.
It is the reason why this is called “stop first”.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Start first latched circuit

When the normally open contact X1 = On and the normally

closed contact X2 = Off, Y1 will be On and latched.
If you make X2 = On at this time, Y1 will continue to be
On because of the latched contact.
It is the reason why this is called “start first”.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Latched circuit for SET and RST instructions
In the stop first diagram, RST is placed
after SET. PLC executes the program
from up to down, so the On/Off of Y1
will be determined upon its status in
the end of the program.
Therefore, when X1 and X2 are enabled
at the same time, Y1 will be Off. It is
the reason why this is called “stop first”.
In the start first diagram, SET is placed
after RST. When X1 and X2 are enabled at the same time, Y1 will be
On. It is the reason why this is called “start first”.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Power shutdown latched

The auxiliary relay M512 is latched.

The circuit can not only be latched when the power is on, but
also keep the continuity of the original control when the power
is shut down and switched on again.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Conditional control

X1 and X3 enables and disables Y1; X2 and X4 enables and disables

Y2, and all are latched.
Due to that the normally open contact of Y1 is connected to the
circuit of Y2 in series, Y1 becomes an AND condition for Y2.
Therefore, only when Y1 is enabled can Y2 be enabled.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Interlock control

Which of the X1 and X2 is first enabled decides either the

corresponding output Y1 or Y2 will be enabled first.
Either Y1 or Y2 will be enabled at a time, i.e. Y1 and Y2 will not be
enabled at the same time (the interlock).
Even X1 and X2 are enabled at the same time, Y1 and Y2 will not be
enabled at the same time due to that the ladder diagram program is
scanned from up to down.
In this ladder diagram, Y1 will be enabled first.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Sequential control

If we serially connect the normally closed contact of Y2 in example 5

to the circuit of Y1 as an AND condition for Y1 (as the diagram in the
left hand side), the circuit can not only make Y1 as the condition for
Y2, but also allow the stop of Y1 after Y2 is enabled.
Therefore, we can make Y1 and Y2 execute exactly the sequential
control.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Oscillating circuit

When the program starts to scan the normally closed contact Y1, Y1
will be closed because coil Y1 is Off. When the program then scan to
coil Y1 and make it On, the output will be 1.
When the program scans to the normally closed contact Y1 again in
the next scan cycle, because coil Y1 is On, Y1 will be open and make
coil Y1 Off and output 0.
The repeated scans will result in coil Y1 outputs oscillating pulses by
the cycle ΔT(On)+ΔT(Off).
 Basic Program Designing Example
● An oscillating circuit with cycle nT+ΔT

The ladder diagram program controls the On time of coil Y1 by timer

T0 and disable timer T0 in the next scan cycle, resulting in the
oscillating pulses in the output of Y1.
n refers to the decimal set value in the timer and T is the cycle of the
clock.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Flashing circuit

The ladder diagram is an oscillating circuit which makes the indicator

flash or enables the buzzer alarms.
It uses two timer to control the On/Off time of coil Y1.
n1 and n2 refer to the set values in T1 and T2 and T is the cycle of
the clock.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Trigger circuit

The rising-edge differential instruction of X0 makes coil M0 generate a single pulse

of ΔT (one scan cycle). Coil Y1 will be On during this scan period.
In the next scan period, coil M0 will be Off and the normally closed contact M0
and Y1 will all be closed, making coil Y1 continue to be On until another rising-
edge arrives in input X0, making coil M0 On for another scan period and Y1 Off.
Such kind of circuit relies on an input to make two actions execute
interchangeably.
Also from the timing diagram on the last page, we can see that input X0are square
pulse signals of the cycle T and coil Y1 output are square pulse signals of the cycle
2T.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Delay circuit

When input X0 is On, due to that its corresponding normally closed contact is Off,
time
T10 will be Off and the output coil Y1 will be On.
T10 will be On and start to count until input X0 is Off.
Output coil Y1 will be delayed for 100 seconds (K1,000 × 0.1 sec = 100 secs) and
be Off.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Output delay circuit
The output delay circuit is the circuit composed of two timers.
When input X0 is On and Off, output Y4 will be delayed.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Timing extension circuit

The total delay time from input X0 is closed to output Y1 is On =

(n1+n2)* T.
T refers to the clock cycle.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● How to enlarge the counting range
The counting range of a 16-bit counter
is 0 ~ 32,767.
As the circuit in the left hand side,
using two counters can increase the
counting range to n1*n2.
When the counting of counter C5
reaches n1, C6 will start to count for one time and reset for counting
the pulses from X13.
When the counting of counter C6 reaches n2, the pulses
from input X13 will be n1*n2.
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Traffic light control (by using step ladder instruction)
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Traffic light control (by using step ladder instruction)
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Traffic light control (by using step ladder instruction)
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Traffic light control (by using step ladder instruction)
 Basic Program Designing Example
● Traffic light control (by using
step ladder instruction)
 PLC I/O Module Types
Basic Module Types
• Digital (discrete) output modules
– Optical isolation provided
– Relay, transistor or triac based
– Transistor-based outputs may be
• Current sourcing or
• Current sinking
• Digital (discrete) input modules
– Optical isolation provided
– Diode based
• Current sinking, sourcing or both depending on device
 PLC I/O Module Types
Relay Output Module
• Coil actuated switch closing
• AC or DC switching
– Relay determines current
carrying capacity
• More expensive relay I/O modules may have two external contacts
per relay
– Separate actuator and power supply can be connected to each
relay-controlled circuit
– Most flexible in terms of power types (AC or DC) and connections
• Less expensive relay I/O module
– Common contact for a group (or all) outputs
 PLC I/O Module Types
Current Sourcing Transistor Output Module
 PLC I/O Module Types
Current Sinking Transistor Output Module
 PLC I/O Module Types
Current Sourcing/Sinking TRIAC Output Module
 PLC I/O Module Types
Current Sinking Optoisolated Input Module
 PLC I/O Module Types
Current Sourcing Optoisolated Input Module
 PLC I/O Module Types
Sinking/Sourcing Optoisolated Input Module
PLC Program structure of
Electrolytic Disinfecting
Machine
COMMUNICATION PART

DEFINITION OF VARIABLES

CURRENT SENSING

TEMPERATURE SENSING

FLOW QUANTITY SENSING

PRODUCTION CONTROL

ALARM CONTROL

OPERATION HISTORY
 Software
• for PLC
• Delta WplSoft_v209(43MB)
– ISPSoft also can be used for DVP series.
– For another type of PLC the software should be
different.
• for HMI
• ScreenEditor_1_05_84(69MB)
– For another type of HMI the software should be
different.
• for Communication with computer
• hj-810(usb- serial2303)(2.4MB)
– If the computer doesn’t have RS232 port, you need to
install this software to create COM port.
 Assignment of Variables
• Input points
• X0: level of water tank
– if the level is low, the signal informs PLC to stop the
electrolysis power automatically and make alarm.
• X1: level of solution in Electrolyser
– if the level is low, the signal informs PLC to stop the
electrolysis power automatically and make alarm.
• X5: Overload signal
– if overload breaker is set, the signal informs PLC to
stop the electrolysis power automatically and make
alarm.
 Assignment of Variables
• Output points
• Y0: AC Contactor
• Y1: DC Contactor 1
• Y2: DC Contactor 2
• Y3: Auxiliary relay for AC Contactor
• Y20: Power for Water Control Valve
• Y21: Power for Salt Control Valve
• Y24: Alarm
 Assignment of Variables
• Internal Relays
• M0: Electrolyser ON/OFF Button
• M4: Water Control Valve
• M5: Salt Control Valve
• M15: Mode Button(0-Auto, 1-Manual)
• M101/M521: Positive Production State
• M102/M522: Negative Production State
• M103/M523: Positive Delay State
• M104/M524: Negative Delay State
• M107: Normal Flux Flag
• M103: Positive Delay State
 Assignment of Variables
• Timer
• T0: Electrolysis Current Displaying Period(2 sec)
• T1: Electrolysis Temperature Displaying Period(2 sec)
• T3/T5: Positive/Negative production time counting timer(60 sec)
• T4/T6: Delay time counting timer(1 sec)
• T7/T8: Electrolyser Power Delay time(3 sec)
• T9: Negative Contactor Delay timer(3 sec)
• T11: Flow Rate Displaying Period(2 sec)
• T13/T14: Positive/Negative Contactor Delay timer(3 sec)
• T17: Control valves initial ON time(20 sec)
• T20: Water Control Valve ON time(20 sec)
• T21: Salt Control Valve ON time(20 sec)`
• T23: After EC=0, Salt Control Valve OFF time(5 sec)
 Assignment of Variables
• Data Registers
• D0: Electrolysis Current Displaying value
• D10: Electrolysis Temperature Displaying value
• D3/D4/D5: Electrolysis current adjusting coefficients
• D7: Electrolysis current signal input
• D11~D17: Electrolysis temperature adjusting coefficients
• D20: Flow Rate Displaying value
• D30: Operation State Displaying
• D31: Alarm Displaying
• D32: Electrolyser State Displaying
• D33~D37: Flow rate adjusting coefficients
• D40: Flowmeter State Displaying
 Assignment of Variables
• Data Registers
• D70: Flux difference
• D75: Electrolysis current difference
• D98~D100: Water control valve state variables
• D102~D104: Salt control valve state variables
• D112/D114: Electrolysis current monitoring variables
• D160~D1162: A/D module input points
• D210/D211: Operating hour/minute displaying
• D212/D213/D214: Work/alarm/limit current setting values
• D217/D218/D219: Work/alarm/limit flow setting values
• D224/D216: Alarm/limit temperature setting values
• D221/D222: Production Minutes/Hour setting values
 COMMUNICATION PART

• Set the variables for communication with

-- HMI
-- Computer
• Can use either method of;
-- RS-232 communication
-- RS-422 communication
-- RS-485 communication
• Set the operation mode for;
-- 8-bit or 16-bit mode
COMMUNICATION PART
 DEFINITION OF VARIABLES

• Reset temporary values for;

-- Data register
-- Timer
-- Counter
• Set the mode of A/D and D/A port for
-- current mode (0~20mA DC)
-- voltage mode (0~5V DC)
• Set the initial values for;
-- water control valve
-- salt control valve
DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
 CURRENT SENSING

• Receive current signal from A/D module

• Arithmetical operation with the signal
-- multiplication
-- division
-- addition
-- subtraction
• Display the result on HMI screen
-- on the Main screen
-- on the History screen
CURRENT SENSING
CURRENT SENSING
 TEMPERATURE SENSING

• Receive temperature signal from A/D module

• Arithmetical operation with the signal
-- multiplication
-- division
-- addition
-- subtraction
• Display the result on HMI screen
-- on the Main screen
TEMPERATURE SENSING
TEMPERATURE SENSING
 FLOW QUANTITY SENSING

• Receive current signal from A/D module

• Arithmetical operation with the signal
-- multiplication
-- division
-- addition
-- subtraction
• Display the result on HMI screen
-- on the Main screen
-- on the History screen
FLOW QUANTITY SENSING
FLOW QUANTITY SENSING
FLOW QUANTITY SENSING
 PRODUCTION CONTROL

• Monitoring parameters for production;

-- Flow rate of water (1~2m3/h)
-- Temperature of electrolyser (20~30℃)
-- Alarm variable state
• Adjusting operation variables automatically
-- Flow rate (± 0.5m3/h with setting value)
-- Salt control valve (to get setting current)
• Automatic cleaning process for electrolyser
-- Positive production (2~4 hours)
-- Negative production (10~20 minutes)
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
PRODUCTION CONTROL
 ALARM CONTROL

• Monitoring parameters for alarm;

-- Flow rate of water (less than setting value of
alarm flow)
-- Temperature of electrolyser (more than setting
value of alarm temperature)
-- Electrolysis Current (more than setting value of
alarm current)
-- Low level of Water tank
-- Low level of Electrolyser solution
-- Overload breaker state
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
ALARM CONTROL
 OPERATION HISTORY

• Monitoring parameters for history;

-- Flow rate of water
-- Electrolysis current
• Displaying the tendency on HMI screen
automatically
-- Flow rate of water
-- Electrolysis current
 Display of HMI screen
• User-Authentication screen
 Display of HMI screen
• User-Authentication screen
 Display of HMI screen
• Main screen
 Display of HMI screen
• Setting screen
 Display of HMI screen
• History screen
 Setting of History recording

60sX15000=900000s=250hrs=10days & 10hrs

SRAM : 240MB
 Alarm Appearance
1. Over Temperature Alarm!
2. Low Flow Alarm!
3. Over Current Alarm!
4. Over Temperature Stop!
5. Over Current Stop!
6. Low Flow Stop!
7. Low EC Level!
8. Overload Relay is Set!
9. Water Tank Empty!
 Thank You!

Engr.Jama adam
Power & energy specialist