CARE OF MOTHER, CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEMS (ACUTE &

Addressing Common
CHRONIC)

Developmental Concern among Infants

By: Beshaierre Miguel

Instructor: Mrs. Erlinda Guzman ,RN, MAN
 CONTENTS

1. DIARRHEA
2. FAILURE TO THRIVE
3. FEBRILE SEIZURE
4. HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
5. HYDROCEPHALUS
01
DIARRHEA
DIARRHEA
Baby diarrhea looks watery, and it usually comes in high volumes. The
color can range from yellow to green to dark brown. Babies with diarrhea may
also act agitated and fussy, and they might have trouble feeding.

GENERAL CAUSES

● Illness
● Solid foods
● Medications
● Travel
● Medical conditions
● teething
 DIARRHEA
EFFECTS
When a baby has diarrhea, fluids leave the body. If the baby loses more fluids than he takes in
through feedings, he can become dehydrated. Dehydration in newborns and young children can
happen very quickly.

SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION
● Producing less than six wet diapers a day (24 hours)
● Having dry mouth and lips
● Lacking tears when the baby is crying
● Eating poorly
● Having a sunken or curved downward soft spot
● Being irritable
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02
FAILURE TO
THRIVE
FAILURE TO THRIVE

FTT is commonly used for any child who fails to gain weight or height according
to standard medical growth charts. FTT occurs when a child is either not receiving
adequate calories or is unable to properly use the calories that are given, resulting in failure
to grow or gain weight over a period of time.

SYMPTOMS

● Physical skills, such as rolling over, sitting, standing and walking

● Mental and social skills
● Secondary sexual characteristics (delayed in adolescents)
 FAILURE TO THRIVE

TREATMENT

The treatment depends on the cause of the delayed growth and development. Delayed growth due to
nutritional factors can be resolved by educating the parents to provide a well-balanced diet.

If psychosocial factors are involved, treatment should include improving the family dynamics and living
conditions. Parental attitudes and behavior may contribute to a child's problems and need to be
examined.
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03
FEBRILE SEIZURE
 FEBRILE SEIZURE
A convulsion in a child triggered by a fever. Febrile seizures occur
most often in otherwise healthy children between ages 6 months and 5
years. Toddlers are most commonly affected. It may not occur when
the fever is highest. A cold or viral illness may trigger a febrile seizure.

SYMPTOMS

A febrile seizure may be as mild as the child's eyes rolling or limbs

stiffening. A simple febrile seizure stops by itself within a few seconds
to 10 minutes. It is often followed by a brief period of drowsiness or
confusion.
 FEBRILE SEIZURE
TREATMENT

● Do not hold down the child or try to stop the seizure movements.
● Do not leave the child alone.
● Lay the child on the ground in a safe area. Clear the area of furniture or other sharp objects.
● Slide a blanket under the child if the floor is hard.
● Move the child only if they are in a dangerous location.
● Loosen tight clothing, especially around the neck. If possible, open or remove clothes from the
waist up.
● If the child vomits or if saliva and mucus build up in the mouth, turn the child to the side or on
the stomach. This is also important if it looks like the tongue is getting in the way of breathing.
● Do not force anything into the child's mouth to prevent biting the tongue. This increases the risk
for injury.
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04
HIRSCHSPRUNG’S
DISEASE
 HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
It occurs when some of your baby’s intestinal nerve cells don’t develop properly,
delaying the progression of stool through the intestines. The intestine becomes blocked
with stool, and your baby or child will be constipated (unable to have normal bowel
movements). Often, a serious infection called enterocolitis can occur, which causes fever,
pain and diarrhea.

SYMPTOMS

● failure to have a bowel movement in the first 48 hours of life

● Abdominal distention (stomach bloating)
● gradual onset of vomiting
● fever
● constipation or failure to pass regular bowel movements
 HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
CAUSES
Genetic factors may be involved, especially when longer lengths of intestine are involved or when someone else in the
family also has the condition.

TREATMENT

Our surgeons frequently perform a single operation to fix intestinal obstruction when Hirschsprung's disease is initially
diagnosed. The goal of the surgery is to remove the diseased section of the intestine and to pull the healthy portion of the intestine
down to the anus.
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1 Diarrhea
2 Failure to Thrive
3 Febrile Seizure
4 Hirschsprung’s Disease
05
HYDROCEPHALUS
 HYDROCEPHALUS
A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the hollow places inside the brain.
These hollow places are called ventricles. The buildup of CSF can put pressure
on the brain.

SYMPTOMS

● tiredness
● poor appetite
● vomiting
● eyes that stay looking down
● slowed developmen
 HYDROCEPHALUS
CAUSES
● Aqueductal stenosis
● Infection during pregnancy
● Complications of prematurity
● Bleeding in the brain
● A brain tumor
● Infection in the brain
● Spina bifida

TREATMENTS

Treatment involves an attempt to drain the excess CSF,

and often this involves using a cerebral shunt.

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References

Hydrocephalus (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth. (z.d.). KidsHealth. Geraadpleegd op 21 maart 2022, van
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocephalus.html?fbclid=IwAR3rvEEexkZmFbaF1ZNg6QrfcKG_abxYmhfyExHN7_dDem95_O06VVLRRR8

Failure to Thrive. (z.d.). Nationwide Children’s. Geraadpleegd op 21 maart 2022, van https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/failure-to-
thrive?fbclid=IwAR1AuPmmwSftIUZ2JnMiMpvF-TO35622ONnWYcojCUjhHTerk8n8i5r7BHE

Febrile seizures. (z.d.). Mount Sinai Health System. Geraadpleegd op 21 maart 2022, van https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-
conditions/febrile-seizures?fbclid=IwAR0Z0fCaM11ljkLg6GY-_CkDwqZKU47zAU6Wfn1yoFRg7jMujDoNdbStl-I
THANK YOU !