MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Project Report on
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMER
USING IOT
Project Members:
V.ANANTH KUMAR - 15691A0203
G.BALARAM - 15691A0204
S.KODANDA RAMU - 15691A0225
GUIDED BY
L.PAVAN KUMAR REDDY - 15691A0242
R.GOWTHAM KUMAR REDDY- 16695A0206 Dr. M. K. ILAMPOORNAN
 Contents
Introduction
Types of internal Faults in Transformer
Working Principle
Components
Block Diagram
Internet Of Things
Working
Future scope
Conclusion
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 Introduction
Unit-type protection for a specified zone or piece of equipment.
Transformer is one of major equipment in power system. So, protection against
possible fault is very important.
Two types of faults namely i) external fault, ii)internal fault.
External fault is cleared by relay outside transformer.
Protection against internal fault is provided by differential protection.
Majorly used for transformers of rating exceeding 2MVA.
Used for protection of generators, motors, busbars.

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 Types of Internal Faults in Transformer

Insulation breakdown between winding and earth.

Insulation breakdown in between different phases.

Insulation breakdown in between adjacent turns i.e. inter – turn fault.

Transformer core fault i.e. core lamination is damaged, or lamination of the core
is bridged by any conducting material that causes sufficient eddy current to flow.

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 Working principle

Comparing primary and secondary currents, if any unbalance tripping the relay.

Different types of differential protection are

1. current differential protection.

2. biased or percentage differential protection.

3. voltage balance differential protection.

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Current differential protection:
For external fault For internal fault

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 Components
CENTIoT 5V SINGLE CHANNEL RELAY HALL EFFECT SENSOR(20A)

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ARDUINO UNO NODE MCU(ESP8266-12E)

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SINGLE PHASE 1.2KVA 230/115V TRANSFORMER

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Differential protection of single phase transformer using IOT

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 Internet of Things

Using NODEMCU(ESP8266-12E) WIFI module both primary and secondary current

data will be transferred to ThingSpeak website.

By logging into the website the currents of both primary and secondary will be viewed.

Working of the equipment can be known by this data.

During the internal fault the relay will be operated, both primary and secondary current
reduces to zero.

By this the protection of equipment can be known.

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 Working
During normal conditions, primary sensor current equal to secondary sensor current.

Difference current is zero. So, there is no operation of relay.

Under external fault condition, the current will increase in both primary sensor and
secondary sensor.

Difference current is zero. So, there is no operation of relay.

Under internal fault conditions, the primary sensor current is not equal to secondary
sensor current.

Difference current is not zero. So, operation of relay takes place.

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 Future scope

Relay monitoring and control can be done using IOT.

Speed of sending data to website can be increased.

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 Conclusion

The proposed system operates with WIFI based hardware. This Arduino based
control system is designed and developed which provides fault detection as well
as it is capable to clearing the faults. This system will send the data to website by
IOT which can be viewed on online. The overall cost of this proposed system is
the major benefit in reference to the conventional system.

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THANK YOU

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 Programming
Arduino is both physical circuit board and a piece of software.
The code is written on Arduino IDE to upload into computer.
By connecting USB from Arduino board to computer code can be accessed.
Arduino coding involves two parts
void setup()
{
statements;
}
void loop()
{
statements;
}
setup() function is called only once during program starts.
loop() function runs consecutively and control the Arduino board. 16