Phase-2 Presentation is on

“SOLAR TRACKER FOR AGRICULTURE SYSTEM CONTROL WITH INTELLIGENT

DETECTION OF WILD ANIMALS AND ELECTRICAL FENCE ARRANGEMENT”

BY UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

YASHASWINI D (1RR18EC127) AJAY M
PRAJWAL GANESH M S (1RR18EC068) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
MANJUNATH Y (1RR19EC404) DEPT OF ECE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 Block Diagram
 Proposed Methodology
 Hardware & Software components
 Advantages
 Applications
 Expected Outcome
 References
 
 
 ABSTRACT

 The projected population of India being 1500 million by 2050 and agriculture remaining as
the primary source of livelihood in rural areas, the focus should be on the increase of
productivity.
 Erratic Power supply or complete breakdown for hours together has almost become routine
today. Solar power is being increasingly utilized worldwide as a renewable source of
energy.
 Power problem to farmers for irrigation is a regular problem where still a permanent
solution has not been find out.
 Human animal conflict is a major problem where enormous amount of resources is lost and
human life is in danger.
 Usually farms are protected with electrical fence.
 INTRODUCTION
 India is an agricultural country. Agriculture has always been India‟s most important
economic sector. Though most of the India‟s population depends on agriculture, there
are still a lot many problems faced by farmers.
 Animals leaving the forest area and entering the human habitat is increasing day by day.
 Animals entering the agricultural areas placed near the forest destroy crops or even
attack on people therefore there is a need of system which detects the animal presence
and gives warning about that in the view of security purpose.
 In this project, wild animal which enters the human habitation are recognized. The
movement of animals in the input video is detected using Foreground detector
algorithm.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Title of the paper with authors Year and place Methodology used Merits Demerits
of publication

Protection of crops from November Scale Invarient Immune to noisy General

animals using intelligent 2015, India Fourier Transform conditions and alarm sound
surveillance system - method changes in for all
Mriganka Gogoi and Savio Raj temperature and animals
Philip environment

Wildlife recognition in IGCIR, India Histogram oriented Uses computer Accuracy

agriculture farms using W- gradients vision, high can be
COHOG for agro – security detection rate improved
By Nagaraju Andavarapu and and robust
Valli Kumari Vatsavayi
Title of the paper with Year and place of Methodology used Merits Demerits
authors publication

A smart farmland using Authors- RFID and GSM SMS alerts are GPS not used
Raspberry Pi crop M.Surekha and modules given to farmers to detect
prevention and animal team and forest location
intrusion detection IRJET 2018,India officers
system

Animal classification Authors- Machine learning High quality Recognition

system based on image A.W.D.Udaya (Motion detection recognition and of positive
processing and support Shalika,Lasantha algorithm) rapid detection and negative
vector machine Seneviratne images
2016,Sri Lanka separately
was not
successful
Title of the paper Year and Methodology used Merits Demerits
with authors place of
publication

A Comparison of IJIRCCE A comparison is SURF has good SIFT suffered with

SIFT and SURF Vol. 1, Issue made on the SIFT performance and low speed when
- P M Panchal1, S R 2, April 2013 and SURF good speed too. compared to SURF.
Panchal2, S K Shah algorithms used
for feature
extraction.

Recent Advances in 19th March, Basic principles Compared Only two algorithms,
Features Extraction 2019 of image feature in terms of quality MSER and SIFT
and Description ARXIV detection and of the extracted algorithms proved to
Algorithms: A description, features under be more practical and
Comprehensive overview of the image useful for image
Survey recent state-of-the- transformation exist extraction and
-Ehab Salahat art algorithms in real-life detection.
Murad Qasaimeh proposed applications, such as
in literature image
rotation, scaling and
affine.
 PROPOSED PROBLEM STATEMENT

• The project uses solar tracker for efficient energy generation.

• This project emphasizes the importance of the protection of crops from its
destruction due to forced entry of animals into the plot of lands.
• The fields are monitored at all times.
• When the animals enter the field, an image is captured.
• This is sent to the software tools for the purpose of processing.
• The animals are recognized as per the stored database and required action (alarms,
sounds) is taken up to divert them.
• The designed system is very useful and affordable to the farmer.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Drive
 METHODOLOGY : ANIMAL DETECTION

Step 1: Image/video acquisition from the camera

Step 2: Convert video to frames.
Step 3: Store images of each animal as database which is used as training set for our
program
Step 4: Compare camera captured frames with the database.
Step 5:Use Im read function to read the image and Preprocessing is done on that
image. Perform Blob detection on the frame and blobs are matched with images
from training database images.
Step 6: And check if it is matching or not.
Step 7: To identification of that animal is desired or not. An array is created and
program is written for each animal to be identified.
Step 8: Intimation .
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

SOLAR TRACKER

 One way to make the Solar panel more effective is by adding the ability to track the sun as it
moves across the sky.
 A Solar tracker is a device used for orienting a Solar PV panel or lens towards the sun by using
the light sensors interfaced to motors, used for rotation, through a microcontroller, to have
maximum solar radiation incident on the solar panel.
 The motors can be used to move the panels either along ONE or TWO axes.
 DC MOTOR DRIVE
 The Dcmotor is a type of amplifier or power modulator that integrate between the contoller
and a DC motor.
 It takes the low current and then converts it into a high current which is appropriate for the
motor.

DC MOTORS

 Operation is based on simple electromagnetism.

 45 r.p.m DC motors is used.
 Requires 12 volts of DC supply
 LDR
 Light dependent resistors work on the principle that, if intensity of light on it increases, its resistance
decreases and thus more current flows through it.
 Bigger LDRs have higher sensitivity.

SOLAR PANEL
 The rating of each Photo-Voltaic solar panel is, Pmax = 1.3W, Vmax = 7.5V.
 Two such panels are connected in series to get a stable output voltage of 12V.

CHARGE CONTROLLER
 This is basically a voltage regulating circuit which is placed between a solar panel and battery
to be charged or any load connected to the panel.
 It regulates the voltage that is received from solar panel.
 LCD DISPLAY

 An LCD is a small ,low cost display.

 It is easy to interface with a micro-controller because of an embedded controller.
 This controller is standard across many displays which means many micro-controllers have
libraries that make displaying messages as easy as a single line of code.
 It offers high flexibility to users.
 DC MOTOR

+VCC
DC MOTOR
-VCC

Here there is no input or output pins, instead we use H-bridge to run a motor.

H-BRIDGE
 An H-bridge is an electronic circuit
m1
12V that switches the polarity of a voltage
C1-A
C1-B GND
applied to a load .
E1 H-bridge
C2-A  It allow DC motors to run forwards or
C2-B
E1
backwards.
m2
ARDUINO DUEMILANOVE
ARDUINO LCD INTERFACING

 The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller

has to manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display.
 The interface consists of the following pins: A register select (RS) pin that
controls where in the LCD's memory you're writing data to.
ARDUINO DC MOTOR INTERFACING

 A more versatile way of controlling a DC motor is to use a circuit called

an “H-Bridge”.
 An “H-Bridge” is an arrangement of transistors that allow you to
control both the direction and speed of the motor
 SOLAR PANEL

A solar panel is a device that collects the solar light and converts it to electrical
energy.
Solar Tracker is used to track solar lights according to the direction of light
SOFTWARE IDENTIFIED

THE ARDUINO IDE

 The Arduino IDE is incredibly minimalistic, yet it provides a near-complete

environment for most Arduino-based projects.
 The middle section of the IDE is a simple text editor that where we can enter the
program code.
 The bottom section of the IDE is dedicated to an output window that is used to see the
status of the compilation, how much memory has been used, any errors that were found
in the program, and various other useful messages.
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PROGRAMMING

• Code is case
sensitive.
• Statements are
commands and
must end with a
semi-colon.
• Comments follow
a // or begin
with /* and end
with */
• loop and setup
CODE
int solar=A4;
int LDR1 = A2; //Pin at which LDR is connected
int LDR2 = A5;
int IN3=6;
int IN4=7;

int flag = 0;
void setup()
{
// put your setup code here, to run once:

pinMode(solar,INPUT);
pinMode(LDR1, INPUT); //Making the LDR pin as input
pinMode(LDR2, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Electric solar track ");
}
void loop()
{
Serial.println(" ");
Serial.println("--------------------SOLOR--------------------------");
solar_check();
Serial.println("--------------------SOLOR--------------------------");
solar_check();

Serial.println(" ");
Serial.println("------------------------LDR 1 and LDR 2---------------------------------");
solar_tracker_check();
}
void solar_check()
{

int (analogRead(solar)==0);
Serial.print("Solar Energy: ");
Serial.println(solar);

void solar_tracker_check()
{
int R1 = analogRead(LDR1); // reading value from LDR 1
int R2 = analogRead(LDR2); // reading value from LDR 2
Serial.print("LDR 1: ");
Serial.print(R1);
Serial.print(" LDR 2: ");
Serial.println(R2);
delay(1000);

if (R2 > R1 and flag == 0){

Serial.print(" LDR 2: ");
Serial.println(R2);
delay(1000);

if (R2 > R1 and flag == 0){

flag = 1;
digitalWrite(IN3,HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN4,LOW);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(IN3,LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4,LOW);
delay(1000);

}
}
WORK DONE

• Installed Arduino IDE.

• Collected database.
• Coded as per the requirement.
IMAGE OF WORKDONE
 ADVANTAGES
• Intimation to forest officers and farmers leads to damage control.
• Easy Implementations.
• Early intimation avoids Life risk.

APPLICATIONS

• Large fields.
• Gardens.
• Forests.
• This can be used in agriculture fields which is very helpful and useful for the farmers.
EXPECTED OUTCOME

 Automated solar tracker.

 Animal detection and classification.

 Intimation for farmers.

 REFERENCES

1] A smart farmland using Raspberry Pi crop prevention and animal intrusion detection system,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology- IEEE Paper.
[2] Animal Detection System in Farm Areas , International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer and Communication Engineering .
[3] Tracking and detection using MATLAB, Martinez, A.M, Kak, A.C, IEEE Transactions on
Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
[4] Isha Dua, Pushkar Shukla, Ankush Mittal “A vision based human- elephant collision detection
system” IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.
[5] Pooja G, Mohmad Umair Bagali , “ A Smart Farmland Using Raspberry Pi Crop
Vandalization Prevention & Intrusion Detection System” IJARIIE-ISSN (O)-2395-4396, Vol-1
Issue-5 2016.