IMPLEMENTATION OF

ZOOM FFT IN
ULTRASONIC BLOOD
FLOW ANALYSIS
PRESENTED BY GAIKWAD AKASH
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR.SAVITA SOMA
INTRODUCTION

 An adequate blood flow supply is necessary for all

organs of the body.
  Analysis
of the blood flow finds its importance in
the diagnoses of diseases.
 There are many techniques for analyzing the
blood flow.
 These techniques are not affordable by the poor people
because of there high expense. So we can implement a
technique called Zoom-FFT.
 This technique is simple and affordable to detect the
blood clots and other diseases
BASICS
 Sound is a compressional wave
 Sound at frequencies above the audible range to say above 20khz
are ultra sonic wave in the mega hertz range above which are
supersonic sound
DOPPLER EFFECT PHENOMENON

 A shift in frequency (f) of the wave will be expected due to the source and
observers motion relative to each other.
  If the distance between them is reduced or increased, That shift in
frequency depends on the velocity of sound which also depends on density of
the medium, in which it propagates
 When a small object is situated in the path of the sound wave, the
wave will be resisted (scattered).
 A direct measurement of this velocity will provide useful information about
the dynamic property of the medium.

  The Velocity of sound in Blood is 1570 m/s. Perceived velocity is V’= V-V0
 In terms of frequency (f), as a velocity dependent factor.
 Thus we get the perceived frequency proportionately changed
w i t h respect t o changes i n measuring media. This process is
explained using animation as below i n FIG ( 1).

The Doppler effect can be explained w i t h respect t o p i tc h or

wavelength, since all are dependent to each
“THIS CONCEPT IS APPLIED IN ULTRASOUND RANGE FORH U M A N B L O O D F L O W
ANALYSIS USING VELOCITY O F BLOOD” 
STEPS INVOLVED

 Sound generation: The ultrasonic sound is generated using the

piezoelectric transducer.
 Number of transducer may vary from 1 to many
 Narrow beam of wave is to feed in
 Continuous m od e o f operation w i th n o t i m e d switching is applied
in real time t o measure Frequency and Am plitud e
 Doppler shift analysis f o r frequency content is t o be done.
 Creation of image to plot in two dimension display using color
differentiation
REAL BLOOD FLOW ANALYSIS
 In an Ultrasonic bl oo d f low analysis, a beam of ultrasonic energy is
directed t h r o u g h a b lo o d vessel at a shallow angle and its transit
t i m e is then measured.
 More c o m m o n are the ultrasonic analyzers based o n the Doppler
principle.
  An oscillator, operating at a frequency o f several Mega Hertz,
excites a piezoelectric transducer.
 This transducer is coupled t o the wall o f an exposed b lo o d vessel
and sends an ultrasonic beam w i t h a frequency   int o the f l ow in g
blood.
 A small part o f the t ransmit t ed energy is scattered back and is
received by a second transducer arranged opposite the f irs t one
 Scattering occurs mainly as a result o f the moving b l o o d cells. The
reflected signal has a di ffer ent frequency due t o a Doppler
effect.
WHY TO ZOOM ?

 Minut e variations i n b l o o d f l o w can be seen

E.G.( s t a r t i ng stage o f b l o o d clot)
 The variation i n t he b l o o d f l o w via, the z o o m FFT wi l l be m o r e
evident, Practically.
 This may be i n frequency d o m a i n o r can be imaged i n 2 D f o r
VISUAL PERCEPTION
 NORMAL BLOOD VESSEL

 BLOOD VESSEL WITH CLOT

WHAT IS ZOOM FFT ?

 The Zoom-FFT is a process where an i n p u t signal is m i x e d do wn t o

baseband and t hen decimated, p r i o r t o passing it i n t o a standard
FFT.
 In contrast, the zoom-FFT uses digital down conversion techniques
t o localize the
 standard FFT t o a narrow band o f frequencies that are centered on
a higher frequency.
 The zoom-FFT is used t o reduce the sample rate required when
analyzing narrowband signals - E.G. in HF communications
 Zoom FFT analysis is simply an efficient computat ion o f a subset o f
the FFT.
 Rather than c o m p u t i n g the FFT f o r the entire frequency range,we
only p e r f o r m computations on a subset o f frequencies. Thus, we
can save a significant am o un t o f processing power and t i m e using
this met hod.
ZOOM PROCESS
ADVANTAGES

 Increased frequency domain resolution

 Reduced hardware cost and complexit y
 Wider spectral range
 In places where the frequency content has t o be analyzed, this
z o o m i n g FFT can be ut ilized, mainly f o r the hidden glitches d u r i n g
signal frequency transition.
APLICATIONS

 Ultrasonic bl o od f low analysis.

 RF communications.
 Mechanical stress analysis.
 Doppler radar.
 Bio-medical fields.
 Side band analysis, and modulat ion analysis
CONCLUSION

Currently the paper has been tested on the simulation basis, the
ou tp ut of the simulations are satisfactory.
Real time experimentation is being done, using the piezo electric
ultrasonic transducer for verification purpose.
The frequencies content f r o m the media are obtained and currently
they are being transformed to image as 2D for visual perception.