Thermal Resistant

Fibers
Nimra Ghafoor 1
19-NTU-TE-0143
Contents

 Introduction
 Origin of thermal resistant fibers
 Chemical Composition of thermal resistant fibers
 Manufacturing process of thermal resistant fibers
 Classification of thermal resistant fibers
 Properties of thermal resistant fibers
 Applications of thermal resistant fibers
 Products made from thermal resistant fibers

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What are Thermal Resistant
Fibers?

3
Origin of Fibers
 The earliest attempts at making fabric fire resistant were in 1632.
 Clay and plaster of Paris. 
 The 18th century saw the inclusion of alum and ammonium phosphate.

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 Origin of
 In 1820, chemist Gay-Lussac conducted the first Fibers
serious experimentation into making fabrics flame
retardant. 
 By the early 20th century other chemists further
perfected Gay-Lussac’s method by incorporating
stannic oxide into fabrics to make them flame
retardant.

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Chemical Composition
Aramids belong to the family
of nylons. Common nylons,
such as nylon 6,6 do not have
very good structural
properties, so the para-
aramid distinction is
important. Aramid fibers like
Nomex or Kevlar, however,
are ring compounds based on
the structure of benzene as
opposed to linear compounds
used to make nylon. The
aramid ring gives thermal
aramid stability, while the
para structure gives it high
strength and modulus.

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Chemical Composition

7
Limited Oxygen Index

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Manufacturing
Process

• Meta-aramids

• Para-aramids
• Dry and wet spinning

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Manufacturing
Process
• Thermoset treatment

• Carbonizing

• Graphitizing

• Surface Treating
• Epoxy Sizing

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Classification of Thermal
Resistant Fibers
Aramids are strong synthetic fibers,
Aramid Fibres
belonging to the family of nylons. They
are polyamides obtained from aromatic
amines and acids. Used as an asbestos
substitute, aramid fibers posses'
excellent heat resistant capacity, as it
neither melts nor ignites in normal
level of oxygen.

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Classification of Thermal
Resistant Fibers

Carbon fibers are made by

carbonization of precursor fibers based
on pitch, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or
Carbon
Fibers
rayon. They consist of extremely thin
fibres of about 0.005-0.010 mm in
diameter and mostly composed of
carbon atoms. Carbon fibres posses
qualities of high tensile strength, less
weight, and thermal expansion.

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Classification of Thermal
Resistant Fibers

Glass is an inorganic, and the oldest of

Glass Fiber

performance fibres. They are the first

man made fibre, with the techniques of
heating and drawing glass into fine
fibres practiced for thousands of years.
Despite its existence and usage, their
application in the textile industry is
very recent. 

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Classification of Thermal
Resistant Fibers

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a fibre which

has a very high melting point and does
Polybenzimidazole
(PBI)

not readily ignite, due to its

exceptional chemical and thermal
stability. 

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Properties of Thermal
Resistant Fibers

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Properties of Thermal
Resistant Fibers

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Applications of Thermal
Resistant Fibers
Heat-resistant Fiber
Optics
Aerospace Textiles

Bullet proof vests

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Applications of Thermal
Resistant Fibers
Fabric for Aircraft and Containers

Heat resistant workwear

Bicycle Tyres
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Products of Thermal Resistant
Fibers

Crash Protective Rubber belts Hydraulic

Helmets Gloves hoses

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References
 https://www.sglcarbon.com/en/markets-solutions/markets/high-temperature-appli
cations
/#
 https://www.slideshare.net/HimanshuSingh498/fire-retardant-textiles
 https://www.keyence.com/solutions/applications/ap_20044.jsp
 https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/heat-resistant-fibres-4015
 https://www.globalspec.com/Industrial-Directory/heat_resistant_fiber
 https://textilelearner.net/aramid-fibers-types-properties-manufacturing-process-a
nd-applications
/#:~:
 https://juniperpublishers.com/ctftte/pdf/CTFTTE.MS.ID.555698.pdf

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