Computer Networking

& it’s concepts

By Rohit shukla
(Bsc IT )

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 OBJECTIVES

• WHAT IS NETWORK
• NEED OF NETWORKING
• EVOLUTION OF NETWORK
• TYPES OF NETWORKING
• NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Network

What is a Network?
A network consists of two or more computers that are
linked in order to share resources (such as printers and
CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic
communications. The computers on a network may be
linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves,
satellites, or infrared light beams.

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 Need of networking

•Provides best way of business communication.

•Streamline communication.
•Cost-effective resource sharing.
•Improving storage efficiency and volume.
•Cut costs on software.
•Cut costs on hardware.
•Utilizes Centralized Database.
•Increase in efficiency.
•Optimize convenience and flexibility.
•Allows File sharing.
•sharing of peripherals and internet access.
•Network gaming.
•Voice over IP (VoIP).
•Media Center Server.
•Centralize network administration, meaning less IT support.
•Flexibility.
•Allowing information sharing.
•Supporting distributed processing.
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Evolution of Network

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Metaverse- is a social space where

they can compete while also socializing
with their friends

r n et
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Internet- The internetwoking of
arpanet, NSFnet & other private

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NSFNET- Network to replace
ARPANET, main aim to use in
academic research.
Fu
ARPANET, in full Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network, experimental
computer network that was the forerunner of
the Internet
1990
1980
1969
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Types of Network

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LAN(local Wan(wide MAN(Metropolitan

area area area netwok)
network) netwok)

Personal area Virtual area

network netwok

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Types of netwoking

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LAN (Local area network)-

A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices

connected together in one physical location, such as a
building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large,
ranging from a home network with one user to an
enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in
an office or school.
LAN Regardless of size, a LAN's single defining characteristic
is that it connects devices that are in a single, limited area.
In contrast, a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan
area network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas.
Some WANs and MANs connect many LANs together.

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Types of netwoking

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MAN (Metropolitan area network)-

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer

network that connects computers within a
metropolitan area, which could be a single large city,
multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with
multiple buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area
MAN network (LAN) but smaller than a wide area network
(WAN).

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Types of netwoking

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WAN (Wide area network)-

A wide area network (also known as WAN), is a

large network of information that is not tied to a
single location. WANs can facilitate communication,
the sharing of information and much more between
devices from around the world through a WAN
WAN provider.

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Types of netwoking

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PAN (Personal area network)-

A personal area network is a computer network for

interconnecting electronic devices within an
individual person's workspace. A PAN provides data
transmission among devices such as computers,
PAN smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants.

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Types of netwoking

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VPN (Virtual private network)-

A VPN connection establishes a secure

connection between you and the
internet. Via the VPN, all your data traffic
is routed through an encrypted virtual
tunnel. This disguises your IP address
VPN when you use the internet, making its
location invisible to everyone. A VPN
connection is also secure against external
attacks.

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Topologies

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What is topology explain?

A network topology is the physical and logical

arrangement of nodes and connections in a
network. Nodes usually include devices such as
switches, routers and software with switch and
router features. Network topologies are often
represented as a graph.

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Types of topologies

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• Hybrid Topology
• Tree Topology
• Mesh Topology Types of topologies
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Bus Topology

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Types of Topologies

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• Hybrid topologies-

A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is

a combination of two or more network topologies, such
as mesh topology, bus topology, and ring topology. Its
usage and choice are dependent on its deployments and
requirements like the performance of the desired
network, and the number of computers, their location.
The below figure is describing the structure of hybrid
topology that contains more than one topology.

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Types of Topologies

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Ring topologies-

Ring topology is a type of network topology

in which each device is connected to two
other devices on either side via an RJ-45
cable or coaxial cable. This forms a circular
ring of connected devices which gives it its
name. Data is commonly transferred in one
direction along the ring, known as a
unidirectional ring.

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Types of Topologies

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• BUS topologies-

Alternatively referred to as line

topology, bus topology is a network setup
where each computer and network device is
connected to a single cable or backbone.
Depending on the type of computer network
card, a coaxial cable or an RJ-45 network
cable is used to connect them together.

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Types of Topologies

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• Mesh topologies-

In a mesh topology there is no central

connection point. Instead, each node is
connected to at least one other node and
usually to more than one. Each node is
capable of sending messages to and receiving
messages from other nodes. The nodes act as
relays, passing on a message towards its final
destination.

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Types of Topologies

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• Star topologies-

Star topology is a network topology in

which each network component is
physically connected to a central node
such as a router, hub or switch. In a star
topology, the central hub acts like a server
and the connecting nodes act like clients.

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Types of Topologies

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• Tree topologies-

A tree topology is a special type of

structure where many connected elements
are arranged like the branches of a tree.
For example, tree topologies
are frequently used to organize the
computers in a corporate network, or
the information in a database.

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Switching techniques

Switching technique is used to connect the systems for

making one-to-one communication.

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 Types of switching

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• Circuit swiching
• Message switching Types of switching
• Packet switching.

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Types of Topologies

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• Hybrid topologies-

A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is

a combination of two or more network topologies, such
as mesh topology, bus topology, and ring topology. Its
usage and choice are dependent on its deployments and
requirements like the performance of the desired
network, and the number of computers, their location.
The below figure is describing the structure of hybrid
topology that contains more than one topology.

Presentation name goes

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Types of Topologies

Replace this overlay with your picture and set transparency to 80%
Or simply delete it if you want plain background.

• Hybrid topologies-

A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is

a combination of two or more network topologies, such
as mesh topology, bus topology, and ring topology. Its
usage and choice are dependent on its deployments and
requirements like the performance of the desired
network, and the number of computers, their location.
The below figure is describing the structure of hybrid
topology that contains more than one topology.

Presentation name goes

here 20
Types of Topologies

Replace this overlay with your picture and set transparency to 80%
Or simply delete it if you want plain background.

• Hybrid topologies-

A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is

a combination of two or more network topologies, such
as mesh topology, bus topology, and ring topology. Its
usage and choice are dependent on its deployments and
requirements like the performance of the desired
network, and the number of computers, their location.
The below figure is describing the structure of hybrid
topology that contains more than one topology.

Presentation name goes

here 20