IOT Based Smart Grid

Monitoring Using Arduino

 Abstract
The increased energy consumption followed by development in renewable energy
generation have resulted in tremendous challenge to energy industry. Pursuing the
requirement of increased energy efficiency have resulted in the research and
development of intelligent energy networks as the future energy network. Smart
Electricity Energy Meters can be considered as the basic fundamental component of the
future intelligent network or smart grid, measuring the energy flow and exchanging
information on energy consumption between utilities and consumers and also
monitoring home appliances and devices. In this project, we propose an IoT based
Smart Grid with Arduino and Wi-Fi unit which can provide information about the
current consumption.
 Introduction
Energy generation companies supply electricity to all the households via intermediate controlled
power transmission hubs known as Electricity Grid. Sometime problems arise due to failure of
the electricity grid leading to black out of an entire area which was getting supply from that
particular grid. The project aims to solve this problem using IOT as the means of communication
and also tackling various other issues which a smart system can deal with to avoid unnecessary
losses to the energy procedures.
IOT smart energy grid is based on ATMega family controller which controls the various activities
of the system. The system communicates over internet by using Wi-Fi technology. A bulb is used
in this project to demonstrate as a valid consumer and a bulb to demonstrate an invalid consumer.
The foremost thing that this project facilitates is reconnection of transmission line of active grid
 Literature Survey
NIKHIL.N.PATIL,SUMIT.N.KHAMKAR,DILEEP M.BIND, VIVEK
R.KURADE, GANESH L.SONAWANE, “Smart Wireless Electronic Energy
Meter”
• The system will replace traditional meter reading method with GSM based smart
energy metering system using IOT. The sensed units automatically send on cloud
generating using IOT. It is very efficient and low cost system because this model
reduces the miscommunication between the user and the controller. An efficient
systematic approach is used for the design to acquire accurate measurements for the
energy meter. The prevention of malpractice, it gives an accurate accounting of units.
 Literature Survey
Dr.Adithya Tiwary, Manish Mahato, Mohit Tripathi,Mayank
Shrivastava,Matnak Kumar Chandrol,Abhitesh Chidar, “Design and
Implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things(IOT) Based Smart
Energy Meter”
Proposed design and implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things based
on smart energy meter. This model describes its design along with its working. I
t will make the leading to be handy and measure the energy consumption
accurately. Here the energy wastage is reduced also brings awareness among all.
 Literature Survey
A.A.Noman, M.F.Rahaman, H.Ullah,R.K.Das, “ANDROID BASED SMART
ENERGY METER”
In the main focus of this paper is to make intelligence of regular energy meter. The
system gives high mobility, low cost, efficient monitoring and easy maintenance of the
total system. The system is controlled by a Bluetooth technology and smart phone. This
system gives the line voltage and current by using voltage and a current sensor. These
sensors will measure current with respect to the applied load. The sensor is connecting
to the microcontroller unit. Every time the measured data is displayed on the LCD
display and this will transmitted to android device via Bluetooth.
 Literature Survey
Pandurang G.Kate, Jitendra R.Rana,” ZigBee Based Monitoring Theft Detection & Automatic
Electricity Meter Reading”
In this paper ZigBee is low cost, low powered wireless networking standard based on mesh topology. This
system is based on ZigBee technology. Consumer side consists of energy meter, microcontroller, LCD
display, voltage sensor, ZigBee module and power supply unit. Micro controller continuously monitor
energy meter. When user temper the meter, theft is detected then meter tempering signal send to
microcontroller via optocoupler. Theft signal display at LCD display at consumer side. The microcontroller
directly interfaces with ZigBee module. The theft signal send to server side through ZigBee module LCD
display energy consumption in unit, power status, theft status, monthly bill. Electricity side consists of
ZigBee module and personal computer system. Monthly bill status will send with help of “send bill” button.
If theft is detected, power switched to off with help of “cut-off” button. Power supply can be restored using
“Restore” button. This communication takes place wireless via ZigBee module.
 Literature Survey
Shubham Pahurkar, Subhash Diwakar, Harshal Nerkar, Sunita Patil, “IOT Based Electric Bill
Generation”
In IOT Based electricity bill generation is a technology. It is used to gather information from energy meter
and it transfer to the database. Database analyses this information for billing purpose. Energy is stored in the
chemical form. Using kernel programming, reading will be taken from energy meter. Kernel programming
will give battery status and is send to the server through Gateway. At server side calculated bill will be send
to customer through browser and GPRS Gateway. This system avoids human intervention in electric bill
generation. If the user gets wrong information he has to visit electricity board for correction. These errors
are avoided by taking reference of meter reading and send details to server and maintain the database at real-
time. This system avoids use of paper and provides fast meter reading. Here we take laptop battery for
reference. In future it may possible to take readings directly from meter and send data to server at real-time.
 Existing System
The present system only provides feedback to the customer at the end of the
month that how much power is consumed in the form of bill. The consumer has
no way to track their energy usage on a more immediate basis. The consumers
are growing exponentially fast and load on power providing divisions is rapidly
rising.
Drawbacks:
In the existing system meter tampering can be done easily
Manual Work is more and errors may happen
 Proposed System
In this proposed system we are measuring the power. The current sensor is
connected to bulb and the current values are taken and will be displayed on
LCD. Based on power the values will be uploaded to cloud server and will
be displayed on LCD. The values are uploaded to cloud using NodeMCU. If
values are exceeded then buzzer alert will be given.
 Block Diagram
Power
Supply Cloud
Server

NodeMCU
Bulb Current
Sensor
Arduino LCD

Buzzer
 Arduino

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board

developed by Arduino.cc which is an open-
source electronics platform mainly based
on AVR microcontroller Atmega328.
The current version of Arduino Uno comes
with USB interface, 6 analog input pins, 14
I/O digital ports that are used to connect
with external electronic circuits. Out of 14
I/O ports, 6 pins can be used for PWM
output.
 NodeMCU
NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit
that plays a vital role in designing your own IoT product
using a few Lua script lines. Multiple GPIO pins on the
board allow you to connect the board with other peripherals
and are capable of generating PWM, I2C, SPI, and UART
serial communications. The interface of the module is
mainly divided into two parts including both Firmware and
Hardware where former runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC
and later is based on the ESP-12 module.
 Buzzer
An audio signaling device like a beeper or
buzzer may be electromechanical or 
piezoelectric or mechanical type. The main
function of this is to convert the signal from
audio to sound. Generally, it is powered through
DC voltage and used in timers, alarm devices,
printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based on the
various designs, it can generate different sounds
like alarm, music, bell & siren.
 Current Sensor
Current flowing through a conductor causes a
voltage drop. The relation between current and
voltage is given by Ohm’s law. In electronic
devices, an increase in the amount of current above
its requirement leads to overload and can damage
the device.
Measurement of current is necessary for the proper
working of devices. Measurement of voltage is
Passive task and it can be done without affecting the
system. Whereas measurement of current is an
Intrusive task which cannot be detected directly as
voltage.
LCD

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It

is one kind of electronic display module used in
an extensive range of applications like various
circuits & devices like mobile phones,
calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These
displays are mainly preferred for multi-
segment light emitting diode and seven
segments. The main benefits of using this
module are inexpensive; simply programmable,
animations, and there are no limitations for
displaying custom characters, special and even
animations, etc.
 Advantages & Applications

Advantages Applications
• Renewable Energy Source • Energy production
• Reduces Electricity Bills • Transport
• Diverse Applications • Houses
• Low Maintenance Costs
• Technology Development
 Conclusion
An IoT based smart grid has been developed and its performance has been
developed. It is shown to have the following features: The data is collected
by a NodeMCU which can provide the energy usage information to the user
in through the internet. The device works online so all the data are received
in real time. With the help of Thingspeak Server, one can view day wise load
analysis curve of connected load data to energy meter. Hence power
optimization can be achieved.
 References
• A.A.Noman, M.F.Rahaman,H.Ullah,R.K.Das (2017),”ANDROID BASED SMART ENERGY
METER”(ICT-06-NCNST’17).
• NIKHIL.N.PATIL,SUMIT.N.KHAMKAR,DILEEP M.BIND, VIVEK R.KURADE, GANESH
L.SONAWANE (2018), “Smart Wireless Electronic Energy Meter” (IRJET),2662-2665
• Dr.Adithya Tiwary, Manish Mahato, Mohit Tripathi,Mayank Shrivastava,Matnak Kumar
Chandrol,Abhitesh Chidar (2018),”Design and Implementation of an Innovative Internet of Things(IOT)
Based Smart Energy Meter”(IJFRCSCE),244-247
• Shubham Pahurkar1, Subhash Diwakar2, Harshal Nerkar3, Sunita Patil4 (2017) IOT Based Electric Bill
Generation (IJARCCE).
• S.P.Karthi, T.Monisha, S.Prathana and T.Radha (2017),”Smart Energy Meter Using GSM” (AJAST),90-94