GERUNDS AND

INFINITIVES
A gerund = V + ing.

An infinitive = to + bare infinitive.

I. GIÔÙI THIEÄU GERUNDS:
Playing baseball is fun.
S V

We enjoy playing baseball.

S V O

He’s excited about playing baseball.

PREP O
Gerunds: laø daïng -ing cuûa
ñoäng töø ñöôïc söû duïng nhö
moät danh töø. vì vaäy maø
moät Gerunds ñöôïc söû duïng
nhö moät danh töø ñöùng ôû vò
trí chuû töø hay taân ngöõ.
ÔÛ (a) Playing laø moät gerunds ñoùng vai troø
moät chuû töø cuûa moät caâu. Playing baseball
laø moät cuïm töø.

ÔÛ (b) Playing laø moät gerunds ñoùng vai troø

moät taân ngöõ cuûa ñoäng töø enjoy.

ÔÛ (c) Playing laø moät gerunds ñoùng vai troø

moät taân ngöõ cuûa giôùi töø.
 SO SAÙNH:
1. Walking is good exercise.
 Walking laø moät gerunds ñoùng vai troø moät chuû töø
cuûa moät caâu.

2. Bob and Ann are playing baseball.

 Playing laø moät hieän taïi phaân töø (present participle)
ñoùng vai troø cuûa thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn.

3. I heard some surprising news.

 surprising laø moät hieän taïi phaân töø (present participle)
ñoùng vai troø cuûa moät tính töø.
II. Duøng gerunds nhö laø moät taân ngöõ cuûa moät
giôùi töø.
a. We talked about going to Canada for our vacation.
b. Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting.
c. I’m interested in learning more about your work.
Gerund ñöôïc söû duïng nhö moät taân ngöõ cuûa moät giôùi töø.
a. I’m used to sleeping with the window open
b. I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
c. I look forward to going home next month.
d. They object to changing your plan at this late date.
To laø moät giôùi töø chöù khoâng phaûi laø moät phaàn cuûa
daïng infinitive vì vaäy maø gerund ñi sau giôùi töø.
a. We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally
decided we should go.
Daïng phuû ñònh: not theo sau laø moät gerund.
 EXERCISE I:
Direction: Supply an appropriate and verb form.
1. Alice isn’t interested ___in___(look) __looking__ for a new
job.
2. Henry is excited _________ (leave) _________ for India.
3. You are capable _________ (do) _________better work.
4. I have no excuse _________ (be) _________ late.
5. I’m accustomed _________ (have) _________a big
breakfast.
6. The rain prevented us _______ (complete) _________the
work.
7. Fred is always complaining _________ (have) _________a
headache.
8. Instead _________ (study) _________Margaret went to a ball
game with some of her friend.
9. Thank you_________ (help) _________me to carry the
packages to the post office.
10. Mrs. Grant insisted_________ (know) _________the whole
truth.
11. He showed us how to get his house _____ (draw)
______a map.
12. You should take advantage_________
(live)________here.
13. Laura had a good reason _______ (go, not)
_______to class yesterday.
14. Everyone in the neighbourhood
participated_________ (search) _________for the
lost child.
15. I apologized to Diane _______ (make) ________ her
wait for me.
16. The weather is terrible tonight. I don’t blame
you_________ (want, not) _________go to the
meeting.
17. Who is responsible_________ (wash)
_________and (dry) _________the dishes after
dinner?
18. In addition_________ (go) _________to school full-
time, Sam has a part-time job.
19. The angry look on his face stopped me_________
(speak) _________my mind.
20. Where should we go for dinner tonight? Would you
object _________ (go) _________ to an Italian
restaurant?
21. The mayor made another public statement for the
purpose_________ (clarify) _________the new tax
proposal.
22. The thief was accused_________ (steal)
_________a woman’s purse
II. NHÖÕNG ÑOÄNG TÖØ THEO SAU LAØ
GERUNDS:
a. I enjoy playing tennis.
Gerunds ñöôïc söû duïng nhö laø taân ngöõ
cuûa moät soá ñoäng töø nhaát ñònh. Vôùi (a),
enjoy ñöôïc theo sau bôûi moät gerund
(playing). Theo sau Enjoy khoâng bao giôø laø
moät full infinitive.
b. Joe quit smoking.
c. Joe gave up smoking.
ÔÛ (b) vaø (c) coù cuøng moät nghóa moät soá
ñoäng töø theo sau laø moät giôùi töø cuõng
theo sau moät gerunds.
 VERB + GERUND

Enjoy quit (give up) avoid

Consider (think about) appreciate finish (get through)
Postpone (put off) discuss (talk about) mind
Stop* delay mention
Keep (keep on) suggest hate
 SO SAÙNH:
Stop + gerunds: When the professor entered the
room, the students stopped talking. The room
became quiet.
Stop + full infinitive: While I was walking down
the street. I ran into an old friend. I stopped to
talk to him. (I stopped walking in order to talk to
him.)
 EXERCISE II:
Direction: by using a gerund, supply any appropriate
completion for each of the following.

• When Beth got tired, she stopped ________________

• Would you mind ________________ the door?
Thanks.
• The weather will get better soon. We can leave as soon
as it quit ________________
• The police officer told him to stop, but the thief kept
(steal) _____________
• I enjoy ________________ a long walk every
morning.
6. I would like to have some friends over. I’m
thinking about ________________a dinner
party.
7. He told a really funny joke. We couldn’t stop
________________
8. Where are you considering
________________for vacation?
9. Sometimes I put off ________________ my
homework.
10. I wanted to go to Mexico. Sally suggested
________________to Hawaii.
 III. GO + GERUND:
Eg: Did you go shopping?
We went fishing yesterday.

Go ñi theo sau laø moät gerunds trong moät soá ñeå dieãn taû
nhöõng haønh ñoäng manh tính giaûi trí.
go birdwatching go hiking go sightseeing
go boating go hunting go skating
go bowling go jogging go skiing
go camping go mountain climbing go canoeing
go running go swimming go dancing
go sailing go fishing go shopping
go window go shopping go sledding
IV. NHÖÕNG ÑOÄNG TÖØ THEO SAU LAØ
INFINITIVES:
NHOÙM I: VERB + INFINITIVE:
hope to promise to seem to ask to
plan to agree to appear to expect to
intend to offer to pretend to would like to
decide to refuse to want to need to
Ex:
I hope to see you again soon.
He promised to be here by ten.
He promised not to be late.
NHOÙM II: VERB + PRO (NOUN) + INFINITIVE:
Eg: Mr. Lee told me to be here at ten o’clock.
The police ordered the driver to stop.
Tell someone to invite someone to
Require someone to ask someone to
Advise someone to permit someone to
Order someone to expect someone to
Encourage someone to allow someone to
Force someone to would like someone to
Remind someone to warn someone to
Want someone to need someone to