Subject: cellular and Mobile

Communication
nugaal University
Topic: Introduction to cellular &
Mobile Communications.
Eng. Adnan ahmed
 What is a wireless?
 Wireless is a term used to describe
telecommunications in which electromagnetic
waves (rather than some form of wire) carry
the signal over part or all of the
communication path.
 Mobility
There are two different kinds of mobility:
 User Mobility.
 Device Portability.
A communication device can thus exhibit one
of the following characteristics.
 Fixed and wired.
 Mobile and wired.
 Fixed and wireless.
 Mobile and wireless.
 Advantages and disadvantages of
Wireless
Advantages:

 Implementation cost is cheaper than wired network.

 Ideal for the non-reachable places such as across
river or mountain or rural area.
 Flexible if there is ad-hoc situation when additional
workstation was required.
 Ideal for temporary network setups.
 Mobility.
Disadvantages of Wireless:
 Lower speed compared to wired network.
 Lower security, simpler to attack.
 More complex to configure than wired network.
 Affected by surrounding. E.g.: walls (blocking),
microwave oven (interference), far distance
(attenuation).
 Interference.
 Regulations and spectrum, limited frequency
due to technical and political reasons.
 High delays.
 Common examples of wireless system
 Cellular phones and pagers -- provide connectivity for portable and mobile
applications, both personal and business.
 Global Positioning System (GPS) -- allows drivers of cars and trucks, captains of
boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to ascertain their location anywhere on
earth.
 Wireless LANs or local area networks -- provide flexibility and reliability for
business computer users.
 Cordless computer peripherals -- the cordless mouse is a common example;
keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless.
 Home-entertainment-system control boxes -- the VCR control and the TV
channel control are the most common examples.
 Remote garage-door openers -- one of the oldest wireless devices in common
use by consumers; usually operates at radio frequencies.
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE)
 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
 The Trouble With Wireless
There are limitations that may ultimately
prevent wireless technologies from reaching
their full potential.
 Political Issue.
 Technical difficulties.
These two issues “ Incompatible standards and
device limitations” are preventing wireless to
reach their full potential.
 Ways to develop new technology
There are two paths to develop new technical
solutions.
 Engineering driven. the engineers come up with
a brilliant scientific idea – without having an
immediate application in mind.
 Market driven: the market demands a specific
product and the engineers try
to develop a technical solution that fulfills this
demand.
 Applications of wireless
Although many applications can benefit from
wireless networks and mobile communications,
the following sections will enumerate some of
them.
 Emergencies.
 Business.
 Replacement of wired network.
 Location dependent services.
 Vehicles.
END