Termination of Employment

by
Employee
With notice to the employer

An employee may terminate without just cause

the employer-employee relationship

a. By serving a written notice on the employer

at least one (1) month in advance

b. The employer upon whom no such notice

was served may hold the employee liable
for damages

Notice is required when termination is without

just cause. Written notice to resign must be
submitted one (1) month in advance. [Art. 300]
2. Without notice to the employer

An employee may put an end to the

relationship without serving any notice on the
employer for any of the following requirements:

1. Serious insult by the employer or his

representative on the honor and person of
the employee;
2. Inhuman and unbearable treatment
accorded the employee by the employer or
his representative;
3. Commission of a crime or offense by the
employer or his representative against the
person of the employee or any of the
immediate members of his family; and
4. Other causes analogous to any of the
foregoing. [Art. 300]
Notice is NOT required when termination is
with just cause. [Art. 300]
Distinguish voluntary
resignation
and constructive dismissal
• Definition of Resignation
Resignation is the voluntary act of an employee who finds himself
in a situation where he believes that personal reasons cannot be
sacrificed in favor of the exigency of the service, such that he has
no other choice but to disassociate himself from his employment.
*[Cervantes v. PAL Maritime Corp., G.R. No. 175209 (2013)]
• To constitute a resignation:
1. It must be unconditional and with the intent to operate as such;
2. 2There must be an intention to relinquish a portion of the term of office
accompanied by an act of relinquishment.
• Requisites of a valid resignation
1. Voluntary, unconditional, and intentionally to relinquish a portion of a term
of employment;
2. Accompanied by an act of relinquishment.
 Constructive Dismissal

Involuntary or forced resignation due to the harsh, hostile, and unfavorable

conditions set by the employer. It is essentially quitting or cessation of work
because continued employment is rendered impossible, unreasonable or
unlikely; when there is a demotion in rank or a diminution of pay and other
benefits. It exists if an act of clear discrimination, insensibility, or disdain by an
employer becomes so unbearable on the part of the employee that it could
foreclose any choice by him except to forego his continued employment.
*[Gan v. Galderma Philippines, Inc.]
Thank you!