OVERVIEW

Continuation Chapter 2:
 Trait Theories
 Personality Traits
 Measuring Personality

Short Break
Chapter 3
 Holistic Development
 Various Aspects of Holistic Development of Persons
 “Case Study”
 Presentation
TRAIT THEORIES
Trait Theory
 An approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain
traits or attributes, which vary from one person to the other.
1949: Donald Winslow Fiske – Started developing the Trait Theory
1967: Norman, Smith
1981: Goldberg
1987: McCrae and Costa
 BIG FIVE OR FIVE-FACTOR MODEL
BY COSTA AND MCRAE (1992)

Openness to Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

experience • Planning • Sociable • Friendly • Calm
• Curiosity • Organizing • Talkative • Warm • Relaxed
• Interest • Hard-working
•
• Active • Trusting • Comfortable
Imagination • Controlling
• Creativity to new
• Outgoing • Generous
ideas • Persevering • Fun-loving • Kind-hearted
• Punctuality
 PERSONALITY TRAIT
Disposition to behave consistently in a particular way, while personality is a
broader term that comprises of traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and
feelings
Example:
 Shyness
 Social Awkwardness
MEASURING PERSONALITY
Observing people’s behavior
Different kinds of Tests
 Rorschach Inkblot Test
 often employed in diagnosing underlying thought disorders and
differentiating psychotic from non-psychotic thinking in cases where the
patient is reluctant to openly admit to psychotic thinking
 Keirsey Temperament Sorter
 Widely used personality instrument in the world. It is a powerful 70
question personality instrument that helps individuals discover their
personality type
 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
 THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR
Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers = 16 types of combinations of personality
Four Preferences of Individuals
1) E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) – how an individual prefers to channel his or her energy when
dealing with people, whether it is inward or outward
2) S or N (Sensing or INtuition) – how one prefers to process information, whether through the use of senses
such as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas
3) T or F (Thinking or Feeling) - how an individual prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using logic
and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on values or beliefs
4) J or P (Judgment or Perception) – how an individual prefers to manage one’s life, whether through
judging, which means planned and organized life, versus perception, which has a more flexible approach to
living.
 DEVELOPING THE WHOLE
PERSON
Whole Person
Concept of Holism by Rene Descartes
 Theory of Duality or understanding the nature of things in simple, dual mode.
 Separation of body and spirit in western religion, and of the mind and body in the study
of human sciences
 Dynamism between two forces in nature
 Things taken in absolutes or extremes

Eastern Concept of “yin” and the “yang”

 Dual Mode such as: black-white, male-female, good-bad, and life-death
 HOLISM AND GESTALT
1926
General Jan C. Smuts, South-African statesman,
military leader, and philosopher
Holism and Evolution
Defined Holism as “the tendency in nature to form
wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts
through creative evolution”
 HOLISM AND GESTALT,
CONT’D.
1890
Christian von Ehrehfels
Concept of Gestalt
“something that is made of many parts and yet is
somehow more than or different from the combination of
its parts; broadly, the general quality or character of
something”
HOLISM AND GESTALT,
CONT’D.
Examples of Holism and Gestalt
1. Evident in Music – A single symphony cannot be defined by one
of its notes alone
2. Car – Different parts
3. Human – body parts
“It is important to see the person in his entirety and not
just his parts”
 THE VARIOUS ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONS
1. Physiological 4. Social

the manner by which an individual interacts with other

physical attributes including the five physical senses individuals or groups of individuals

2. Cognitive 5. Spiritual
intellectual functions of the mind: thinking, recognizing, the attributes of a person’s consciousness and beliefs,
reasoning, analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, including the values and virtues that guide and put
and assessing
meaning into a person’s life
3. Psychological
how thinking, feeling, and behaving interact and
happen in a person
 THERESE’S CASE
Analyze and Reflect:
1) If you were one of Therese’s classmates, how would you feel and how would
you react to what you are witnessing?
2) Identify and explain the five aspects of a whole person in relation to the details
of Therese’s story.
3) What is your conclusion?
JOURNAL 4: SHARE YOUR STORY
THAT APPLIED YOUR HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSON
300 WORDS 