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Renewable Energy
EP703
Presented : Naser El Naily
 Outline
1. Introduction to Types of Energy and Energy Resources.

 Country Energy profile ( Libya )

 The fuel based system.

 The impact of fossil based systems.
 The non conventional energy, variations and availability.

 The renewable energy sources and features.

2. Solar Thermal Systems.

 Conduction, reflectivity, radiation and transmissivity.

 Solar radiation spectrum measurements technologies, data and estimation.

 Types of solar collectors.

 Performance testing of solar collectors.

 Solar energy storage.

 Applications: water heating, buildings' heating and cooling

 Outline
3. Solar Photovoltaic Systems.

 Operating principles of photovoltaic systems.

 Photovoltaic cell concepts.

 Cell, module array.

 Series and parallel connections.

 Maximum power point trucking.

 Applications: battery charging, pumping, lighting, cooling.

4. Wind Energy.
 Role of wind as a renewable energy.

 Wind turbines

 Electrical equipment.

 Wind energy systems.

 Performance and operation management.

 Grid integration and power quality

 Outline
5. Biomass Energy.
 Biomass availability, types of its conversion and system design.

 Biogas generation.

 Energy plantation.
6. Hybrid System.
 Range and type of hybrid systems.

 Case studied of: diesel, PV, wind, biomass systems and solar.

7. Hydrogen Production Technologies Overview

 Course Mechanics

 Grading: 20% Project, 15% Midterm Exam, 15% H.W, and 60% Final Exam.
 Notes and slides.
 References:
 Solar Energy Engineering: Soteris Kalogirou, 2009.
 Wind and solar power systems: Mukund R. Patel, Tayler and Francis Group,
2006.
 Solar cells and their applications, Martin Green.
 Solar energy for thermal processing, Wiley 2006.
 Energy harvesting: (solar, wind, and ocean energy conversion), 2010
 Further Reading

• Electricity from sunlight, Paul A. Lynn, Wiley 2010.

• Wind energy in the 21st century, 2002.
• Solar hydrogen generation, Springer 2008.
• Distributed generators: the power paradigm for the new millennium, 2001.
 Introduction to EP703
 EP703 Course! What this course is about?
 Background and Motivation.
 Available Energy Sources.
 Renewable Energy Sources.
 Solar Energy.
 Wind Energy.
 Other renewable energy sources.
 This presentation provides entry level curriculum and explanations for the student to gain an
understanding of Renewable Energies and its fundamentals.
 The goal is for students to understand the following outcomes:
• Renewables vs. Non-Renewables
• Direct and Indirect Uses
• Understand basic terminology for renewable energy
• Gain a core level knowledge of different forms of renewable energy
• Generates interest
 Introduction to EP703

 This presentation provides entry level curriculum and explanations for the
student to gain an understanding of Renewable Energies and its fundamentals.
 The goal is for students to understand the following outcomes:
• Renewables vs. Non-Renewables
• Direct and Indirect Uses
• Understand basic terminology for renewable energy
• Gain a core level knowledge of different forms of renewable energy
• Generates interest
 Country Energy profile ( Libya )

• Data of Oil and Gas

• Data of Electricity
• Data of Renewable Energy
Country Energy profile ( Libya )
Country Energy profile ( Libya )
• The oil resources in Libya
Electricity sector overview
Locations of the electrical power plants
Electricity Production by Technology (2010)
Electricity generation by fuel type (2010)
Electricity consumption per sector (2010)
Development of electrical computation in Libyan
grid from 2001 to 2020
Renewable Energy
Worldwide energy demand since 1970 and the estimation till 2030. (Based on data from the
International Energy Agency (IEA), World energy outlook 2004, OECD, Paris, France, 2004,
http://www. worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/weo2004.pdf.)
 why renewable energy
• Better for the environment
• Fossil fuels are overloading the air with greenhouse gases, which are having an alarmingly
damaging effect on our planet.
• Sea levels are rising, ice caps are melting and temperatures are soaring. The climate crisis is
real, and we need to do all we can to cut down the effects of global warming.
• Enter, renewable energy: a cleaner, more sustainable and recyclable means of powering our
homes.
• The negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel.
– Global warming, acid rain, air pollution, etc ,
• Saving the planet feels good, we know as it’s part of our Green Team’s key mission! Is it time
you joined us in embracing more natural means to power your home?
• The increased energy demands.
– Fossil fuel are not sufficient.
• The rising prices of conventional fossil fuel.
– The fossil fuel are expected to increase.
• The energy resource limitation and the environmental issues.
• Potential threat of global climate change.
• Increasing energy demand world-wide.
• Uncertainty of non-renewable energy (price and availability).
• World energy policy on using clean (non-polluting source of energy).
RE potential in Libya
RE potential in Libya
RE potential in Libya

Biomass energy potential

RE potential in Libya

Geothermal energy assessment

 . Geothermal energy assessment
One of the most sustainable sources of alternative energy
Geothermal does not contribute to global warming.
The earth’s crust is the medium for transferring energy in the
concept of geothermal.
A form of renewable source that is independent of the sun. The
ultimate source of geothermal energy comes from within the earth.
Enthalpy: Amount of heat content in a substance. In studying
geothermal, recognize that temperature and enthalpy go hand- in-
hand.
Institutional Capacity
RE- Applications
 Application of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Libya

NO Applications Authors Descriptions Refs

Aldali et al.
1 PV Power plant Aladli et al. Designed of Al-kufra 50 MW very largescale PV power plant
(2011)

Ghozzia and
Powering mobile phone Ghozzia and Modelling of the standalone PV system by using Simulink
2 Mahkamovb
stations Mahkamov Matlab mode
(2011)

Investigation and design of small-scale standalone

3 PV-water desalination Elfaqih photovoltaic system incorporating seawater reverse Elfaqih (2016)
osmosis plant.

Solar PV powered LED Investigates the feasibility study of using street lighting Khalil et al.
4 Khalil et al.
lighting syste system, standalone solarpowered LED. (2017a)

Shebani and Dynamic modelling and analysis of a solar (PV) water

Photovoltaic water Shebani and Iqbal (2017)
5 Iqbal pumping. Performance evaluation of the in-situ solar water
pumping (Maka et al., 2019)
Maka et al. pumping system

Cathodic Protection (CP)

Numerical calculation and simulations of solar photovoltaic
6 Photovoltaic Powered oil Al-Refa Al-Refai (2019)
powered cathodic protection for underground oil pipelines.
pipelines

Standalone photovoltaic
7 SAPV for house Ben-Naser The PVSYST software is used here as Powerful tools. Ben-Naser (2018)
electrification
 Point of Common Coupling (PCC)

GRID

SWITCH

Microgrid

 The Growth in penetrating Distributed Generation (DG) in the Distribution

Network (DN) consequently rise and become widespread practice due to the
increasing demand for electric supply.
 Integration of DG units in DN leads to a significant change in the characteristic
and configuration of the distribution network in many aspects.

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 Introduction

Definition of DG
DG is defined as the generation of electricity from facilities that
are sufficiently smaller than central generating plants so as to
allow interconnection at nearly any point in a power system.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

DG is a type of generating plant that is tied to the grid at the

distribution level voltages to serve a customer on site and at the
same time to provide support to a distributed network. The
technologies include reciprocating engines, turbines, fuel cells,
and PV systems”.
International Energy Agency (IEA)

DG is defined as all generating units with a maximum capacity of

50 MW to 100 MW, that are usually connected to the DN and that
are neither centrally planned nor dispatched.
International Councilon Large Electric Systems (CIGRE)
 Introduction
Geothermal power
& biomass

Wind System
Renewable DG
technologies Electric storage
system
Photovoltaic
Types and systems
technologies of DG
Reciprocating
engines

Steam turbines
Non renewable
DG technologies
Micro turbines

Gas turbines
 References
• Almaktar, Mohamed, and Mohamed Shaaban. "Prospects of renewable energy
as a non-rivalry energy alternative in Libya." Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 143 (2021): 110852.
• Kassem, Y., Çamur, H. and Aateg, R.A.F., 2020. Exploring solar and wind energy
as a power generation source for solving the electricity crisis in
libya. Energies, 13(14), p.3708.

• Maka, A.O., Salem, S. and Mehmood, M., 2021. Solar photovoltaic (PV)
applications in Libya: Challenges, potential, opportunities and future
perspectives. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 5, p.100267.
• Alweheshi, S., Abdelali, A., Rajab, Z., Khalil, A. and Mohamed, F., Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Applications in Libya: A Survey.
• https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/21.htm.
• https://www.iea.org/countries/libya#analysis.
 Review Questions

1.What is the Global Energy Crisis?

2.What’s Micro-grid?

3.What is Energy?

4.What renewable energy sources are there?

5.How does renewable energy reduce climate change?

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