CONSERVATION

OF

PLANTS AND ANIMALS

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 Our first prime minister JAWARLAL NEHRU said
“life would be very dull and colourless if we did not have these
magnificient plants, animals and birds to look and play
with.”

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 Introduction

• Plants and animals (birds) brighten our lives.

There are many no. of species of plants and
animals on earth from millions of years ago.

• In the last few hundred years they began to

disappear one by one with a sickening speed
due to the human activities like deforestration,
over hunting, polluting of environment.

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What is Deforestation ?
The clearing of forests and using the land for other purposes is called
deforestation.
The causes for deforestation are :-
i) Procuring land for cultivation.
ii) Building houses and factories.
iii) Using wood as fuel or making furniture etc.
The natural causes of deforestation are forest fires and draught.

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Consequences of deforestation :-

The consequences of deforestation are :-

i) Increase in the temperature and pollution level on the

earth.
ii) Increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere leading to global warming.
iii) Lowering of ground water level.
iv) Disturbs the balance in nature.
v) Decrease in rainfall leading to draught.
vi) Soil erosion and decrease in soil fertility leading to
desertification.
vii) Decrease in the water holding capacity of soil leading to
floods.

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Conservation of forest and wildlife :-
Forest and wildlife can be conserved by setting up areas like Biosphere
reserves Wildlife sanctuaries, National parks, etc.
i) Biosphere reserves :- are large areas of protected land for conservation of
biodiversity and the traditional life of the tribals living there.
ii) National parks :- are areas reserved for wildlife where they can freely use
the habitats and natural resources.
iii) Wildlife sanctuaries :- are areas where animals are protected from any
disturbance to them or their habitat.

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Biosphere Reserve :-
i) Biosphere reserves :- are large areas of protected land for conservation of
biodiversity and the traditional life of the tribals living there.
ii) Biodiversity :- is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found
in the area.
The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of a National park called Satpura
and two wildlife sanctuaries called Bori and Pachmarhi.

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Flora and fauna :-
i) Flora :- are the plants found in a particular area.
ii) Fauna :- are the animals found in a particular area.
Eg:- The flora of Pachmarhi consists of sal, teak, wild mango, jamun, silver
ferns etc.
The fauna of Pachmarhi consists of wild dog, cheetal, wolf, leopard, blue bull,
barking deer etc.

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Endemic Species :-
Endemic species :- are those species of plants and animals found only
in a particular area and not found anywhere else.
Eg:- sal and wild mango are the endemic flora of Pachmarhi. Bison,
Indian giant squirrel and flying squirrel are the endemic fauna of this
area.

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Wildlife Sanctuary :-
Wildlife sanctuaries :- are areas where animals are protected from any
disturbance to them or their habitat. The killing or capturing of animals
in wildlife sanctuary is strictly prohibited.

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National Park :-
National parks :- are areas reserved for wildlife where they can freely
use the habitats and natural resources.
Eg:- Satpura National Park is the first Reserve Forest in India.

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Endangered Animals :-
Endangered animals :- are those animals whose numbers are diminishing and
might face extinction.
Eg:- Tiger is one of the many animals which are slowly diminishing. To protect
the tigers in our country the government launched the Project Tiger to ensure
the survival of tiger population.
Dinosaurs have already become extinct.
Red Data Books are books which keeps a record of all endangered plants and
animals.

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Ecosystem :-

An ecosystem :- consisits of all the plants, animals and

microorganisms living in an area along with the non living components
like climate, water, soil etc.

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Migration :-
Migration :- is the movement of animals from its own habitat to some
other habitat for a particular time period every year due to climatic
changes or for breeding.
Birds which fly very long distances to reach another land are called
migratory birds.

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Recycling of paper :-
About seventeen full grown trees are required to produce one tonne of
paper. Paper can be recycled about five to seven times for use. We
should save, reuse and recycle paper to save not only trees but also to
save the energy, water and chemicals used to make paper.

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Reforestation :-

Reforestation :- is the restocking of destroyed forests by planting new

trees.
We should plant at least as many trees as we cut. We have already
caused a lot of damage to our forests. If we have to regain our green
wealth, reforestation is the only option.

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THANK YOU

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