Nutrit

General ion
Nutrient

Biology 2
Procurement and

Ani Processing

with Ma’am mals

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Jayzee
 Learning Competencies
Define nutrient and cite the nutritional
requirements of animals.

Enumerate feeding mechanisms in animals

Distinguish different kinds of digestive

compartments in animals; and

Trace the pathway of food processing in a

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mammalian/human digestive system

 01
Why do we eat?
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 Animal Nutrition
Calorie
is a unit of energy that indicates the amount of
energy contained in food. It specifically refers to
the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 kg (2.2 lb.) of water by 1C (1.8F).
The greater the number of Calories in a quantity of
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food, the greater energy it contains (Johnson and

Raven, 1996).
 Nutritional
Requirements
CARBOHYDRATES
of
PROTEINS FATS
Animals can also be used as an
energy source but the body
are used to build cell
membranes, steroid hormones,
and other cellular structures;
mainly uses these as building also used to insulate nervous
serve as a major tissue, and also serve as an
materials for cell structures
energy source for the and as enzymes, hormones,
energy source. Fats also contain
certain fat- soluble vitamins that
cells in the body. parts of muscles, and bones.
are important for good health.
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 Nutritional
Requirements of
ESSENTIAL
Animals include substances that
animals can only get

NUTRIENTS from the foods they eat

because they could not be
synthesized inside the
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body
 needed for synthesis of proteins and enzymes; among
the 20 amino acids, eight could not be synthesized by
Essential Amino humans: lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine,
Acids phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine and valine.
used for making special membrane lipids;
Essential Fatty
Acids an example is linoleic acid in humans.
organic molecules required in small amounts for
normal metabolism; examples include fat-
soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K, and water-soluble
Vitamins Vitamins B, B2, B3, B12, C.
inorganic nutrients needed by the body in minute
amounts; these form part of enzymes, body tissues, and
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Trace elements or body fluids; examples include: iodine, cobalt, zinc,

Minerals molybdenum, manganese, selenium.
 Food Intake Via
ENDOCYTOSIS
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 RECEPTOR-

Food PHAGOCYTOSI
S
PINOCYTOSI
S
MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSI

Uptak
S

e engulfment of
organic fragments
uptake of
extracellular fluid by
this relies on
membrane receptor
or big particles, eg. a cell using small
recognition of specific
pseudopod vesicles derived from
solutes which are then
the plasma
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formation in taken up by the cell

membrane.
Amoeba. via receptor-coated
pits.
 Animal
FeedingMechanism
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 1

Substrate-
Feeders
animals that live in or on their
food source. Examples:
earthworms that feed through the
soil where they live in; caterpillars
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that eat through the leaves where

they live on.
 2

Filter-feeders
– include many aquatic animals
which draw in water and strain
small organisms and food
particles present in the medium.
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Examples: whales and

coelenterates
 3

Fluid-feeders
suck fluids containing
nutrients from a living host.
Examples: mosquitoes,
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leeches, head lice, aphids

 4

Bulk-feeders
eat relatively large chunks of food
and have adaptations like jaws, teeth,
tentacles, claws, pincers, etc. that
help in securing the food and tearing
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it to pieces.

Examples: snakes, cats, man

 Different kinds of Digestive
Compartments
Food vacuoles in
in
Gastrovascular animals
cavity Complete
digestive system
or incomplete
unicellular organisms
digestive system essentially like a tube with an
opening at one end for taking in
composed of a single food (mouth) and an opening at
these fuse with lysosomes
the other end where unabsorbed
that contain hydrolytic opening through which food
waste materials are eliminated
enzymes. is taken in and where wastes (anus). In between the mouth and
are disposed of; it is a anus, are specialized organs that
Example: food vacuole in a saclike body cavity. carry out transport, processing,
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protozoa like Paramecium Examples: in the cnidarian and absorption of digested

Hydra and in flatworm nutrients.

Planaria
 And this is a timeline or process
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day y
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 Today is 8t
h.
Monday, Essay/Research To Do
Table
May
Enumerate the parts
of the frog’s digestive
Define malnutrition.
Are the conditions of
Something here.
Something else here
And a third thing
system and give the undernutrition and here.
function of each. obesity considered Duplicate the check
mark.
malnutrition? Explain.
And the check boxes.
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