Training Course - RAN18.0 Seamless Crystal Voice Feature Introduction V2.0

Security Level:
RAN18.0
Seamless Crystal Voice Feature
Introduction
www.huawei.com
Wireless Product Service Department
Author: Yang Zengkui

Version: V1.0 (2015-05-31)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Learn about the value and application scenarios of the Seamless
Crystal Voice feature.
 Learn about the specifications of the Seamless Crystal Voice
feature.
 Explain the basic principles of the Seamless Crystal Voice feature.
 Be able to configure and verify the Seamless Crystal Voice feature
and to install and commission the products related to the feature
according to the manual.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

Contents
 Feature Description
 Feature Gains
 Feature Deployment
 Feature Performance Monitoring
 Application Cases
 FAQs
 Reference Documents & Glossary
Feature Description - Background
This feature belongs to the UMTS high-definition voice service solution, has its own feature parameter description
document, and is in commercial use.
The survey on the voice quality shows that the mean opinion score (MOS) of CS services in the current UMTS
network is relatively low. This is because the selective combination for the uplink voice frames in soft handover
areas has the following disadvantages:
 Only the tributary with the best quality is selected and information on other tributaries is discarded. This
leads to a small combining gain.
 Among sub-flows A, B, and C, only sub-flow A has cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Therefore, the combining
gain on sub-flow A is greater than that on sub-flow B or C after tributaries are selectively combined.
Good Bad
Good Bad Bad Bad

RN
C
Decoder Decoder
NodeB1 NodeB2
UE

Page5
Feature Description - Technical Principles
(1/4)
This feature is implemented on the RNC and NodeB.
 The NodeB reports pre-decoding information to the RNC.
 The RNC is deployed with a DEUa board. This board combines pre-decoding information of multiple soft
handover tributaries for a second decoding. In this way, the original soft handover is upgraded to a softer
handover.
Advantages:
 Information about all tributaries is used and therefore the combing gain is maximized.
 Signals of sub-flows A, B, and C are combined in the same way and therefore the combining gain on each
sub-flow is the same.
Good Good
D
E
U
a
Good Bad Bad Bad
Pre-decoding Pre-decoding
RN
information information
C
Decoder Decoder
NodeB1 NodeB2
UE

Page6
Feature Description - Technical
Principles (2/4) - DEUa Board
 The data enhancement processing unit (DEUa) is introduced for this feature.
 This board supports channel decoding for voice services.
 Board specifications:
Voice Service Traffic Volume (Equivalent Erl in the Soft Handover
Area)
NB-AMR 12.2 kbit/s 9000 Erl
WB-AMR 23.85 kbit/s 3600 Erl
 One RNC supports multiple DEUa boards.

 Data analysis in the live network shows that only one DEUa board is needed in each RNC. With
one DEUa board, all the UEs under the RNC can use this feature.
Voice Erlang of
User Plane DEUa -- New RNC Board Operator One RNC in the SHO Ratio SHO Erlang
Live Network
DPUe (BSC6900)/EGPUa Seamless
Crystal M 5300 Erl 24.96% 5300 x 24.96% = 1322
(BSC6910)
Voice Erl
U 2790 Erl 20.86% 2790 x 20.86% = 582
Erl
Good Bad T 7201 Erl 23.00% 7201 x 23.00% = 1656
Erl

Feature Description - Technical Principles
(3/4) - Impact on Iub/Iur Bandwidth
This feature requires that the NodeB report pre-decoding information and therefore requires larger Iub/Iur bandwidth.
 The new Iub bandwidth in the uplink is about 2.5 times the Iub bandwidth for CS services in the uplink (supposing the proportion of soft handovers is 30%).
The required Iub bandwidth depends on the proportion of CS service traffic volume to total uplink traffic volume.
 The Iub bandwidth in the downlink is not affected.
 The proportion of inter-RNC handovers is very low, which results in a low Iur bandwidth usage. Therefore, this feature has small impact on the Iur
bandwidth.
 Impact on the Iub interface in the live network
According to the data analysis in the live network, the proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers) is about 20% to 30%. The following table
lists the impact on the Iub bandwidth usage (supposing that the more than 80% of services on the RTPATH are CS services).
　 M Operator U Operator T Operator

Iub Transmission IP ATM IP
SHO Ratio (Excluding Softer Handover) 25% 21% 23%
RT Ratio 35% 50% 60%

Feature Description - Technical Principles (4/4) - Uplink
Active Set Expansion Supported by Seamless Crystal Voice
The following figure shows the technical principles of uplink active set expansion supported by Coverage areas are described as follows:
Seamless Crystal Voice. • Area A (soft handover area): A UE in this
area will set up uplink and downlink radio
links with both the non-serving NodeB and
serving NodeB.
• Area B (cell center): A UE in this area will set
Good Good up uplink and downlink radio links only with
one NodeB.
DEUa
• Area C (uplink active set expansion area): A
UE in this area will set up uplink and
downlink radio links with the serving NodeB.
Bad Bad Good Bad
This area is close to the handover area, and
Information before Information before therefore the neighboring NodeB can receive
decoding decoding uplink signals from the UE. However, the
difference between RSCP of two cells does
not meet the event 1A threshold, and links
Uplink with the non-serving NodeB are not set up.
coordinating link Therefore, signals from the UE interfere with
uU
uU the UEs in the neighboring NodeB.
Decoder Decoder Uplink active set expansion supported by
Seamless Crystal Voice
C • Area A (soft handover area): Seamless
B A C B Crystal Voice takes effect in this area.
• Area B (cell center area) Seamless Crystal
NodeB 1 (serving NodeB 2 (non- Voice does not take effect in this area.
NodeB) serving NodeB) • Area C (uplink active set expansion area): If
the seamless crystal voice feature on uplink
coordinating links is enabled on the RNC
As shown in the preceding figure, the uplink coordinating link and physical link establishment based on
side, Seamless Crystal Voice is supported on
uplink active set expansion is introduced for Seamless Crystal Voice of RAN18.0, enabling Seamless
physical links and uplink coordinating links.
Crystal Voice to improve voice quality in uplink active set expansion areas.
In this case, Seamless Crystal Voice takes
Note: For details about uplink active set expansion, see RAN18.0 Uplink Active Set Expansion
effect in this area.
Feature Introduction.ppt.

Feature Description - Application
Scenarios
 Typical Scenarios
 This feature applies to densely populated areas.
 This feature applies to inter-NodeB soft handovers but does not
apply to softer handovers.

Page10
Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

Feature Gains - Network Impact (1/2)
 Feature gains
 If only Seamless Crystal Voice for soft handover areas is supported:
 In a poor-quality network, this feature improves the average MOS in soft handover areas by 0.2 to 1.
 In a high-quality network, this feature improves the proportion of high MOS in soft handover areas by
about 20%.
Simulation results Test results in lab

Target BLER Theoretical Gain in MOS Actual Gain in MOS
0.20% 0.2 0.15
0.50% 0.2 0.246
1% 0.4 0.486
5% 0.8 0.949
 If seamless crystal voice on uplink coordinating links is also enabled after Seamless Crystal Voice for soft
handover areas is enabled, voice quality can be further improved as follows:
 In poor-quality networks, the MOS increases by 0.02 to 0.1. In high-quality networks, the number of
acceptable, poor, and bad EVQIs (low MOSs) decreases by 1% to 3%.
 Network impact
 This feature increases the end-to-end delay for voice services by less than 30 ms, but does not affect
the network PKIs such as the call drop rate or the access success rate.

Feature Gains - Network Impact (2/2)
 After this feature is enabled, values of CPU-related counters for the DPUb and DPUe
boards in the BSC6900 or the GPU board in the BSC6910 increase. The following table
lists related counters.
Counter Name Counter Description NE
VS.DSP.UsageAvg Mean DSP Usage in Period BSC6900
VS.SUBSYS.CPULOAD.MEAN AR9725: Average Subsystem CPU Usage of the Board BSC6910
 This feature requires larger Iub/Iur bandwidth

 It is required that the Iur bandwidth be enlarged before this feature is enabled. The
proportion of inter-RNC handovers is very low, which results in a low Iur bandwidth usage.
Therefore, this feature does not require larger Iur bandwidth.
 If the Iub/Iur bandwidth is insufficient, the flow-control algorithm cannot be triggered. In this
case, this feature cannot take effect.

Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

Feature Deployment - Requirements
 Prerequisite Features
 None
 Mutually Exclusive Features
 None
 Impacted Features
 None
 Hardware Dependency
 The RNC must be configured with the DEUa board.
 The 3900 series macro NodeBs must be configured with the WBBPb, WBBPd, WBBPf, or UBBPd
board.
 Other NEs
 None
 License
 This feature introduces an RNC-level license control item. In addition, this feature also supports a
NodeB-level switch, which is set to on by default.

Feature Deployment - When to Use
This Feature and Data Preparation
(1/6)
• When to use this feature
 It is recommended that this feature be enabled in a network where the
MOS of voice services in soft handover areas needs to be increased.
 This feature requires larger Iub bandwidth and therefore this feature
can be enabled if the remaining or enlarged Iub bandwidth in the
network is sufficient.
 If the Iub bandwidth of some NodeBs is insufficient for this feature, set
the NodeB-level switch to off for these NodeBs.

Page16
(2/6)
 Data preparation (for existing networks)
1. Obtain the proportion of soft handovers in the live network to estimate the proportion of scenarios where this feature
takes effect.
Counter Name Counter Description
VS.SHO.SuccRLAdd Number of Successful Radio Link Additions in Soft
Handover for Cell
VS.SoHO.SuccRLAdd Number of Successful Radio Link Additions in
Softer Handover for Cell
VS.SHO.AS.1RL Mean Number of UEs with One Radio Link for Cell
VS.SHO.AS.2RL Mean Number of UEs with Two Radio Link for Cell
VS.SHO.AS.3RL Mean Number of UEs with Three Radio Link for

Cell
VS.SHO.AS.4RL Mean Number of UEs with Four Radio Link for Cell
VS.SHO.AS.5RL Mean Number of UEs with Five Radio Link for Cell
VS.SHO.AS.6RL Mean Number of UEs with Six Radio Link for Cell
Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers) = (VS.SHO.SuccRLAdd -

VS.SoHO.SuccRLAdd)/(VS.SHO.SuccRLAdd) x [(VS.SHO.AS.1RL + VS.SHO.AS.2RL + VS.SHO.AS.3RL +
VS.SHO.AS.4RL + VS.SHO.AS.5RL + VS.SHO.AS.6RL)/(VS.SHO.AS.1RL + VS.SHO.AS.2RL/2 +
VS.SHO.AS.3RL/3 + VS.SHO.AS.4RL/4 + VS.SHO.AS.5RL/5 + VS.SHO.AS.6RL/6) - 1]

Feature Deployment - When to Use This
Feature and Data Preparation (3/6)
2. Obtain the uplink traffic volume of CS voice services over the Iub interface in the live network to estimate the
volume of additional traffic brought by this feature.
Counter Name Description

VS.SRNCIubBytesCSConv.Rx Number of UL Bytes of CS Conversational Services over Iub DCH for Cell
Only Seamless Crystal Voice for soft handover areas is enabled.

Volume of additional Iub traffic brought by this feature = VS.SRNCIubBytesCSConv.Rx x 8 x Proportion of soft
handovers (excluding softer handovers)
Seamless Crystal Voice on coordinating links is also enabled.
Volume of additional Iub traffic brought by this feature = VS.SRNCIubBytesCSConv.Rx x 8 x Proportion of soft
handovers (excluding softer handovers) x (1 + 0.7)
3. Obtain the uplink traffic volume of CS voice services over the Iur interface in the live network to estimate the
volume of additional traffic brought by this feature.
Counter Name Description

Number of UL Bytes of CS Conversational Service Received by SRNC on
VS.SRNCIurBytesCSConv.Rx
DCH of Iur Interface
Volume of additional Iur traffic brought by this feature = VS.SRNCIubBytesCSConv.Rx x 8

Note 1: The additional traffic volume is carried on the user plane of CS services. Therefore, you need to
pay attention to the bandwidth reserved for high-priority services before deploying this feature.
Note 2: Expansion of coordinating links supporting Seamless Crystal Voice does not apply to cross-Iur
scenarios.

4. Estimate the number of required DEUa boards.
VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.RNC Equivalent CS Conversational Erlang for RNC
VS.CSLoad.MaxErlang.Equiv.RNC Maximum equivalent CS Conversational Erlang for RNC
VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC Equivalent CS Erlang for RNC per Operator
VS.CSLoad.MaxErlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC Maximum equivalent CS Erlang for RNC per Operator
Average Equivalent Erlangs Consumed by CS Load Sharing Users
VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.NodeShare
Between Physical RNC Nodes for an RNC
 Scenarios where the RAN sharing and MOCN features are disabled:
Number of required DEUa boards
Number of required DEUa boards = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers
(excluding softer handovers)] x (1 - Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/9000 +
[VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x (Proportion
of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/3600
Seamless Crystal Voice for both soft handover areas and uplink active set expansion areas is enabled.
Number of required DEUa boards = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers
(excluding softer handovers)] x (1+0.7) x (1 - Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/9000 +
[VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x (1+0.7) x
(Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/3600

4. Estimate the number of required DEUa boards.
 Scenarios where the RAN sharing or MOCN feature is enabled:
Number of required DEUa boards = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers
(excluding softer handovers)] x [1- Proportion of AMR users with the uplink rate of 23.85 kbit/s]/9000 +
[VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x
[Proportion of AMR users with the uplink rate of 23.85 kbit/s]/3600
Seamless crystal voice on coordinating links is also enabled.
Number of required DEUa boards = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers
(excluding softer handovers)] x (1+0.7) x (1 - Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/9000 +
[VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.PLMN.RNC x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x
(1+0.7) x (Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/3600
 Scenarios where the User-Plane Load Sharing feature is enabled in the RMC in Pool networking:
Number of required DEUa boards in the overflow RNC = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.NodeBShare x
Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x [1- Proportion of AMR users with the uplink rate
of 23.85 kbit/s]/9000 + [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.NodeBShare x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding
softer handovers)] x [Proportion of AMR users with the uplink rate of 23.85 kbit/s]/3600
Seamless crystal voice on coordinating links is also enabled.
Number of required DEUa boards in the RNC = [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.NodeBShare x Proportion of soft
handovers (excluding softer handovers)] x (1+0.7) x (1 - Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85
kbit/s)/9000 + [VS.CSLoad.Erlang.Equiv.NodeBShare x Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer
handovers)] x (1+0.7) x (Proportion of AMR users with the rate of 23.85 kbit/s)/3600

(6/6) Counter Name Counter Description
 Proportion of AMR users with the VS.RB.AMR.UL.12.2 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 12.2 Kbit/s for
Cell
uplink rate of 23.85 kbit/s = VS.RB.AMR.UL.10.2 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 10.2 Kbit/s for
Cell
VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.23.85/(VS.RB. VS.RB.AMR.UL.7.95 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 7.95 Kbit/s for
Cell
AMRWB.UL.23.85 +
VS.RB.AMR.UL.7.4 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 7.4 Kbit/s for
VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.15.85 + Cell
VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.6.60 + VS.RB.AMR.UL.5.15 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 5.15 Kbit/s for
Cell
VS.RB.AMR.UL.12.2 + VS.RB.AMR.UL.4.75 Number of AMR Users with UL rate of 4.75 Kbit/s for
Cell
VS.RB.AMR.UL.10.2 + VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.23.85 Number of UEs that use the CS AMR WB speech
service at the UL bit rate of 23.85 kbit/s in the cell
VS.RB.AMR.UL.7.95 +
VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.15.85 Number of UEs that use the CS AMR WB speech
VS.RB.AMR.UL.7.4 + service at the UL bit rate of 15.85 kbit/s in the cell
VS.RB.AMR.UL.5.15 + VS.RB.AMRWB.UL.6.60 Number of UEs that use the CS AMR WB speech
service at the UL bit rate of 6.60 kbit/s in the cell
VS.RB.AMR.UL.4.75)

Feature Deployment - Network Planning
 Network Planning
 N/A
 RF Planning
 N/A

Feature Deployment - Data Preparation
Parameter Name Parameter ID Setting Notes Data Source
NodeBAlgoEnhSwitch:
NodeB Algorithm Default value/Recommended
NODEB_SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWI ON
Enhancement Switch value
TCH
Iur Supporting Seamless Default value/Recommended

IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSuppInd ON
Crystal Voice value
Seamless Crystal Voice QE Default value/Recommended
SMLESSCrstVoiceQEThld 205
Threshold value
AMR Packet Loss Rate Default value/Recommended
AMRPacketLossRatioThld 2
Threshold value
AMR Packet Loss Number Default value/Recommended
AMRPacketLossNumThld 1
Threshold value
AMR Delay Variation Default value/Recommended
AMRTnlLatencyThld 6
Threshold value
Seamless Crystal Voice

Default value/Recommended
Inter-Subrack Load Sharing SMLESSCrstVoiceSharingThd 50
value
Threshold
PROCESSSWITCH5: Default value/Recommended

Process Control Switch 5 ON
SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH value
UplinkActiveSetEX:SMLESSCRSTVOICE_CO Default value/Recommended

UL Active Set Extension ON
ORDINATING_RL_SWITCH value

Feature Deployment - Activation (1/4)
 Using MML commands
Scenario 1: Enable only Seamless Crystal Voice for soft handover areas.
 Step 1 Add a DEUa board in a vacant slot.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD BRD. In this step, set Board Type to DEUa, Logical function type to UUEP, and
Board Class to DEU.
 Step 2 Active the Seamless Crystal Voice feature.
 Run the RNC MML command SET URRCTRLSWITCH. In this step, select the SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH
check box under the Process Control Switch 5 parameter to enable the RNC-level seamless crystal voice feature.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNODEBALGOPARA or MOD UNODEBALGOPARA. In this step, select the
NODEB_SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH check box under the NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch
parameter to enable the NodeB-level seamless crystal voice feature.
 Step 3 (Optional) Configure related parameters for the Seamless Crystal Voice feature.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNRNC or MOD UNRNC. In this step, set the Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal
Voice parameter to ON so that the Iur interface supports the Seamless Crystal Voice feature.
 Run the RNC MML command SET UUPCTRLSWITCH. In this step, set the Seamless Crystal Voice QE Threshold
parameter to its default value (205).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA. In this step, set the AMR Packet Loss Rate Threshold parameter to
its default value (2).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA. In this step, set the AMR Packet Loss Number Threshold
parameter to its default value (1).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA. In this step, set the AMR Delay Variation Threshold parameter to its
default value (6).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA. In this step, set the Seamless Crystal Voice Inter-Subrack Load
Sharing Threshold parameter to its default value (50).
----End

 Using MML Commands
Scenario 2: Enable Seamless Crystal Voice for both soft handover areas and uplink active set expansion areas.
 Step 1 Add a DEUa board in a vacant slot.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD BRD with Board Class set to DEU, Board Type set to DEUa, and Logical
function type set to UUEP.
 Step 2 Activate Seamless Crystal Voice.
 Run the RNC MML command SET URRCTRLSWITCH with SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH under the
Process Control Switch 5 parameter selected to enable Seamless Crystal Voice on the RNC side.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNODEBALGOPARA or MOD UNODEBALGOPARA to check that
NODEB_SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH is selected.
 Step 3 (Optional) Set the parameters related to Seamless Crystal Voice as follows:
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNRNC or MOD UNRNC with Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal Voice set to
ON to enable Seamless Crystal Voice over the Iur interface.
 Run the RNC MML command SET UUPCTRLSWITCH with Seamless Crystal Voice QE Threshold set to 205
(default value).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with AMR Packet Loss Rate Threshold set to 2 (default
value).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with AMR Packet Loss Number Threshold set to 1 (default
value).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with AMR Delay Variation Threshold set to 6 (default value).
 Run the RNC MML command SET UDPUCFGDATA with Inter-Subrack Load Sharing Thld for DEU set to 50
(default value).
 Step 4 Activate Seamlessly Crystal Voice for uplink active set expansion areas.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNODEBALGOPARA or MOD UNODEBALGOPARA with
SMLESSCRSTVOICE_COORDINATING_RL_SWITCH under the UL Active Set Extension parameter selected to
enable Seamless Crystal Voice for uplink active set expansion areas on the NodeB side.
----End

 Using the CME
Scenario 1: Enable only Seamless Crystal Voice for soft handover areas.
 Set parameters on the CME according to the operation sequence in the following table.
Configurable in CME
SN MO NE Parameter Name Parameter ID
Batch Modification Center
1 BRD RNC Board Type (set to DEUa) BRDTYPE Yes
2 BRD RNC Logical Function Type (set to UUEP) LGCAPPTYPE Yes
3 BRD RNC Board Class (set to DEU) BRDCLASS Yes
NodeBAlgoEnhSwitch:
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch (set
6 UNODEBALGOPARA RNC NODEB_SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_ Yes
to ON)
VOICE_SWITCH
PROCESSSWITCH5: Yes
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch (set
7 URRCTRLSWITCH RNC SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_S
to ON)
WITCH
Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal Voice (set
8 UNRNC RNC IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSuppInd Yes
to ON)
Seamless Crystal Voice QE Threshold (set to
9 UUPCTRLSWITCH RNC SMLESSCrstVoiceQEThld Yes
its default value)
AMR Packet Loss Rate Threshold (set to its
10 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRPacketLossRatioThld Yes
default value)
AMR Packet Loss Number Threshold (set to
11 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRPacketLossNumThld Yes
its default value)
AMR Delay Variation Threshold (set to its
12 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRTnlLatencyThld Yes
default value)
Seamless Crystal Voice Inter-Subrack Load
13 UDPUCFGDATA RNC SMLESSCrstVoiceSharingThd Yes
Sharing Threshold (set to its default value)

 Using the CME
Scenario 2: Enable Seamless Crystal Voice for both soft handover areas and uplink active set expansion areas.
 Set parameters on the CME according to the operation sequence in the following table.
Configurable in CME Batch

Modification Center
1 BRD RNC Board Type (set to DEUa) BRDTYPE Yes
2 BRD RNC Logical Function Type (set to UUEP) LGCAPPTYPE Yes
3 BRD RNC Board Class (set to DEU) BRDCLASS Yes
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch (set to NodeBAlgoEnhSwitch:

6 UNODEBALGOPARA RNC Yes
ON) NODEB_SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH
Yes
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch (set to PROCESSSWITCH5:
7 URRCTRLSWITCH RNC
ON) SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH
Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal Voice (set to

8 UNRNC RNC IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSuppInd Yes
ON)
Seamless Crystal Voice QE Threshold (set to

9 UUPCTRLSWITCH RNC SMLESSCrstVoiceQEThld Yes
its default value)
AMR Packet Loss Rate Threshold (set to its

10 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRPacketLossRatioThld Yes
default value)
AMR Packet Loss Number Threshold (set to its

11 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRPacketLossNumThld Yes
default value)
AMR Delay Variation Threshold (set to its

12 UDPUCFGDATA RNC AMRTnlLatencyThld Yes
default value)
Seamless Crystal Voice Inter-Subrack Load

13 UDPUCFGDATA RNC SMLESSCrstVoiceSharingThd Yes
Sharing Threshold (set to its default value)
Seamless Crystal Voice on Coordinating Links

14 UNODEBALGOPARA RNC SMLESSCRSTVOICE_COORDINATING_RL_SWITCH Yes
(set to its default value)

Feature Deployment - Activation
Observation
 After this feature is enabled, if the value of any of the counters in the following table is not
0, this feature has taken effect.
 Scenarios where the RAN sharing and MOCN features are disabled
VS.AMR.SMLESSCrstVoice.Erlang.Equi Equivalent Erlang Consumed by AMR
v.RNC Voice Services Using the Seamless
Crystal Voice Feature for RNC
VS.AMR.SMLESSCrstVoice.MaxErlang. Maximum Equivalent Erlang Consumed
Equiv.RNC by AMR Voice Services Using the
Seamless Crystal Voice Feature for
RNC
 Scenarios where
Counter Namethe RAN sharing andCounter
MOCN features are enabled
Description
VS.AMR.SMLESSCrstVoice.Erlang.Equi Equivalent Erlang Consumed by AMR
v.PLMN.RNC Voice Services Using the Seamless
Crystal Voice Feature for RNC (per
Operator)
VS.AMR.SMLESSCrstVoice.MaxErlang. Maximum Equivalent Erlang Consumed

Equiv.PLMN.RNC by AMR Voice Services Using the
Seamless Crystal Voice Feature for
RNC (per Operator)

Feature Deployment – Deactivation (1/2)
Scenario 1: Deactivate Seamless Crystal voice for soft handover areas.
 To disable the Seamless Crystal Voice feature for an RNC, run the RNC MML command SET
URRCTRLSWITCH. In this step, deselect the SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH check box
under the Process Control Switch 5 parameter.
 To disable the Seamless Crystal Voice feature over the Iur interface for an RNC, run the RNC MML
command ADD UNRNC or MOD UNRNC. In this step, set the Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal
Voice parameter to OFF.
 Using the CME
 Step 1 Configure a single object on the CME. Set parameters on the CME according to the
operation sequence in the following table. For instructions on how to perform the CME single
configuration, see CME Single Configuration Operation Guide.
Configurable in CME
MO NE Parameter Name Parameter ID Batch Modification
Center
PROCESSSWITCH5:
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement
1 URRCTRLSWITCH RNC SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_S Yes
Switch (set to OFF)
WITCH (UMTS 6900&UMTS 6910)
Iur Supporting Seamless IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSuppInd

2 UNRNC RNC Yes
Crystal Voice (set to OFF) (UMTS 6900&UMTS 6910)
 Step 2 (Optional) Modify objects in batches on the CME.

Feature Deployment – Deactivation (2/2)
Scenario 2: Deactivate Seamless Crystal Voice for both soft handover areas and uplink active set expansion areas.
 To disable the Seamless Crystal Voice feature for an RNC, run the RNC MML command SET
URRCTRLSWITCH. In this step, deselect the SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH check box under
the Process Control Switch 5 parameter.
 To disable the Seamless Crystal Voice feature over the Iur interface for an RNC, run the RNC MML
command ADD UNRNC or MOD UNRNC. In this step, set the Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal Voice
parameter to OFF.
 Run the RNC MML command ADD UNODEBALGOPARA or MOD UNODEBALGOPARA with
SMLESSCRSTVOICE_COORDINATING_RL_SWITCH under the UL Active Set Extension parameter
cleared to disable Seamless Crystal Voice for uplink active set expansion areas on the NodeB side.
 Using the CME
 Step 1 Configure a single object on the CME. Set parameters on the CME according to the operation
sequence in the following table. For instructions on how to perform the CME single configuration, see CME
Single Configuration Operation Guide.
Configurable in CME
Batch Modification Center
PROCESSSWITCH5:
NodeB Algorithm Enhancement
1 URRCTRLSWITCH RNC SEAMLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH Yes
Switch (set to OFF)
(UMTS 6900&UMTS 6910)
Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSuppInd (UMTS
2 UNRNC RNC Yes
Voice (set to OFF) 6900&UMTS 6910)
Seamless Crystal Voice on SMLESSCRSTVOICE_COORDINATING_RL
3 UNODEBALGOPARA RNC Yes
Coordinating Links (set to OFF) _SWITCH
 Step 2 (Optional) Modify objects in batches on the CME.

Feature Deployment - Troubleshooting
None

Page31
Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

Feature Performance Monitoring - New
Counters
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.TotalValue Total Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services During Soft Handovers
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services During Soft Handovers
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Excellent.Num
Is EXCELLENT
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Good.Num
Is GOOD
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Accept.Num
Is ACCEPT
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Poor.Num
Is POOR
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Bad.Num
Is BAD
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.TotalValue Total Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services During Soft Handovers
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services During Soft Handovers
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Excellent.Num
Is EXCELLENT
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Good.Num
Is GOOD
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Accept.Num
Is ACCEPT
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Poor.Num
Is POOR
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Bad.Num
Is BAD

Page33
Feature Performance Monitoring -
Performance Evaluation (1/3)
Scenario 1: Monitor the performance of Seamless Crystal voice for soft handover areas.
 To monitor EVQI-related counters, run the SET URRCTRLSWITCH command and select the UL_EVQI_SWITCH and
DL_EVQI_SWITCH check boxes under the PROCESSSWITCH5 parameter.
 Enable this feature after EVQI-related counters have been monitored for one week. Wait for another week and then compare the values
of these counters before and after this feature is enabled to obtain the performance gain.
Counter Name Counter Description Expected Gain
Total Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services During The value of this counter increases by 0.2 to 1 on
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.TotalValue
Soft Handovers average.
No impact on the proportion of excellent uplink EVQI of
AMR-NB services during soft handovers.
The proportion of excellent uplink EVQI of AMR-NB

services during soft handovers can be calculated using
the following formula:
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Excellent.Num/(VS.SHO.EV
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB
QI.AMRNB.UL.Excellent.Num +
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Excellent.Num Services During Soft Handovers Is
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Good.Num +
EXCELLENT
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Accept.Num +
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Poor.Num +
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Bad.Num)
The proportions of good, accept, poor, and band uplink

EVQI of AMR-NB services during soft handovers are
calculated in the similar way.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB The proportion of good uplink EVQI of AMR-NB services
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Good.Num
Services During Soft Handovers Is GOOD during soft handovers increases by 5% to 10%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB The proportion of acceptable uplink EVQI of AMR-NB
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Accept.Num Services During Soft Handovers Is ACCEPT services during soft handovers decreases by 5% to
10%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB The proportion of poor uplink EVQI of AMR-NB services
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Poor.Num
Services During Soft Handovers Is POOR during soft handovers decreases by 5% to 10%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB The proportion of bad uplink EVQI of AMR-NB services
VS.SHO.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Bad.Num
Services During Soft Handovers Is BAD during soft handovers decreases by 5% to 10%.

Scenario 2: Monitor the performance of Seamless Crystal voice for uplink active set expansion areas.
Note 1: There is no downlink over the air interface where uplink coordinating links in uplink active set expansion areas, and UEs cannot detect these
coordinating links. Therefore, soft handovers on these coordinating links cannot be counted during soft handover KPI evaluation, and the cell-level
EVQI is used to evaluate the performance.
 To monitor EVQI-related counters, run the SET URRCTRLSWITCH command and select the UL_EVQI_SWITCH and DL_EVQI_SWITCH
check boxes under the PROCESSSWITCH5 parameter.
 Enable this feature after EVQI-related counters have been monitored for one week. Wait for another week and then compare the values of
these counters before and after this feature is enabled to obtain the performance gain.
Counter Description Expected Gain
The average EVQI of uplink AMR-WB services increases by
VS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.TotalValue Total Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services
0.02 to 0.1.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services Is The ratio of acceptable EVQIs of AMR-WB services decreases
VS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Accept.Num
ACCEPT by 2% to 5%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services Is The ratio of poor EVQIs of AMR-WB services decreases by
VS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Poor.Num
POOR 2% to 5%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-WB Services Is The ratio of bad EVQIs of AMR-WB services decreases by 2%
VS.EVQI.AMRWB.UL.Bad.Num
BAD to 5%.
There is no downlink over the air interface where uplink
coordinating links in uplink active set expansion areas, and
UEs cannot detect these coordinating links. Therefore, soft
VS.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.TotalValue Total Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services
handovers on these coordinating links cannot be counted
during soft handover KPI evaluation, and the cell-level EVQI is
used to evaluate the performance.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services Is The ratio of acceptable EVQIs of AMR-NB services decreases
VS.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Accept.Num
ACCEPT by 2% to 5%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services Is The ratio of poor EVQIs of AMR-NB services decreases by 2%
VS.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Poor.Num
POOR to 5%.
Number of Times the Uplink EVQI of AMR-NB Services Is The ratio of bad EVQIs of AMR-NB services decreases by 2%
VS.EVQI.AMRNB.UL.Bad.Num
BAD to 5%.
Note 2: The preceding table lists the expected gains provided by Seamless Crystal Voice for uplink active set expansion areas. Gains provided by
Seamless Crystal Voice for both soft handover areas and uplink active set expansion areas are the same as the gains in scenarios 1 and 2.

 Method 2: When you use an MOS tester (such as DSLA) to perform drive tests on a
single UE and the obtained MOSs are in accordance with the ITU-T P.863 standard, it is
expected that this feature will improve the average MOS in soft handover areas by 0.2 to
1 in a poor-quality network and improve the proportion of high MOSs in soft handover
areas by about 20% in a high-quality network.

Page36
Parameter Optimization
None

Page37
Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

Application Cases -Seamless Crystal voice
 Beta Area: China Unicom & Omnitel in

Lithuania
Increase obviously
 Beta Result:
 DT: MOS increased obviously when below 4;
 Live network: Average EVQI at SHO increased
by 0.08; Average of Top cells increased by 0.2+
 Good Ratio increased; Accept&Poor&Bad Ratio
decreased

Application Cases -Seamless Crystal voice for uplink
active set expansion areas
 Beta Area: Omnitel in Lithuania

 Beta Result:
 Live network: Average EVQI for entire RNC
increased by 0.002; Average of Top cells
increased by 0.01.
 Good Ratio increased; Accept&Poor&Bad Ratio
decreased about 1.53%.

Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

FAQs
None

Page42
Contents
 Feature Gains
 FAQs

Reference Documents
 Seamless Crystal Voice Feature Parameter Description

Page44
Glossary
None

Page45
Parameters (1/3)
The following table lists the parameters involved in this feature.
MO Parameter ID MML Command NE Description
NodeBAlgoEnhSwitch: ADD UNODEBALGOPARA BSC6900 Whether to enable the NodeB-level seamless crystal voice feature.
UNODEBA
NODEB_SEAMLESS_CR When this switch is set to on, the NodeB-level seamless crystal voice feature is enabled. When this switch
LGOPARA BSC6910 is set to off, the NodeB-level seamless crystal voice feature is disabled.
YSTAL_VOICE_SWITCH MOD UNODEBALGOPARA
Whether the Iur interface supports the seamless crystal voice feature.
When this switch is set to off, the Iur interface does not support the seamless crystal voice feature. That is,
IurSMLESSCrstVoiceSu ADD UNRNC
BSC6900 the radio links (RLs) added on the Iur interface during a soft handover do not support the seamless crystal
UNRNC voice feature. When this switch is set to on, the Iur interface supports the seamless crystal voice feature.
ppInd
MOD UNRNC BSC6910 That is, the RLs added on the Iur interface during a soft handover support the seamless crystal voice
feature.
QE threshold of RLs that participate in seamless crystal voice processing.
BSC6900
UUPCTRLS SMLESSCrstVoiceQEThl
SET UUPCTRLSWITCH When the QE of a soft-handover RL is greater than or equal to this threshold, the RL does not participate in
WITCH d BSC6910 seamless crystal voice processing. When the QE of a soft-handover RL is less than this threshold, the RL
participates in seamless crystal voice processing.
Maximum number of Erlangs allocated to the seamless crystal voice function for an operator.
BSC6900
LICENSE SMLESSCrstVoiceErl SET LICENSE The total number of Erlangs allocated to the seamless crystal voice function for all operations cannot
BSC6910
exceed the Erlang value in the license file.
Packet loss rate threshold for determining whether the uplink of a single AMR service is congested.
This parameter is used together with the AMRPacketLossNumThld parameter to determine whether a
UDPUCFG AMRPacketLossRatioTh BSC6900
SET UDPUCFGDATA single AMR service is congested. When the packet loss rate of a single AMR service is greater than the
DATA ld BSC6910 value of AMRPacketLossRatioThld and the number of discarded packets of the single AMR service is
greater than the value of AMRPacketLossNumThld, the single AMR service is congested.
AMRPacketLossNumThld is set by the SET UDPUCFGDATA command
Packet loss number threshold for determining whether the uplink of a single AMR service is congested.
UDPUCFG AMRPacketLossNumThl BSC6900 This parameter is used together with the AMRPacketLossRatioThld parameter to determine whether a
SET UDPUCFGDATA single AMR service is congested. When the packet loss rate of a single AMR service is greater than the
DATA d
BSC6910 value of AMRPacketLossRatioThld and the number of discarded packets of the single AMR service is
greater than the value of AMRPacketLossNumThld, the single AMR service is congested.
AMRPacketLossRatioThld is set by the SET UDPUCFGDATA command.
Delay variation threshold for AMR services.
UDPUCFG BSC6900
AMRTnlLatencyThld SET UDPUCFGDATA When the delay variation of an AMR service is greater than the value of AMRTnlLatencyThld, the RNC
DATA BSC6910
determines that the transport layer of the AMR service is congested.

Page46
Parameters (2/3)
UDPUCFGDATA SMLESSCrstVoiceSharing SET UDPUCFGDATA BSC6900 Load sharing threshold of inter-subrack crystal voice
Thd processing.
BSC6910
When the crystal voice processing resource
consumption in a subrack exceeds this threshold, inter-
subrack crystal voice processing load sharing is
triggered.
URRCTRLSWITCH PROCESSSWITCH5 :SEA SET URRCTRLSWITCH BSC6900 Whether to enable the RNC-level seamless crystal
MLESS_CRYSTAL_VOICE voice feature.
_SWITCH BSC6910
When this switch is set to on, the RNC-level seamless
crystal voice feature is enabled. When this switch is set
to off, the RNC-level seamless crystal voice feature is
disabled.
BRD BRDTYPE ADD BRD BSC6900 Type of the board.
BSC6910 An enumerated value DEUa is added for this

parameter
BRD LGCAPPTYPE ADD BRD/LOD BRD/DSP BSC6900 Logical function type of the board.
PATCH/RMV PATCH/CON
PATCH PATCH/DEA PATCH/ACT An enumerated value UUEP is added for this
PATCH/LST PATCH/LOD parameter.
PATCH
BRD LGCAPPTYPE CON PATCH/DEA BSC6910 Logical function type of the board.
PATCH/LOD PATCH/DSP
PATCH PATCH/ADD CPU An enumerated value UUEP is added for this
parameter.
CPU
RNCBRD

Parameters (3/3)
LOD BRD/DSP
PATCH/RMV
PATCH/CON
BRD PATCH/DEA Type of the board.
BT BSC6900
PATCH PATCH/ACT An enumerated value DEUa is added for this parameter.
PATCH/LST
PATCH/LOD
PATCH
CON PATCH/DEA
BRD PATCH/DSP Type of the board.
BT BSC6910
PATCH PATCH/LOD An enumerated value DEUa is added for this parameter.
PATCH
BSC6900 Board class.

BRD BRDCLASS ADD BRD
BSC6910 An enumerated value DEU is added for this parameter
SET CPUTHD/LST BSC6900 Board class.

CPUTHD BRDCLASS CPUTHD/SET
FCCOMMPARA BSC6910 An enumerated value DEU is added for this parameter
SET Board class.

FCCOMMPARA BRDCLASS BSC6910
FCCOMMPARA An enumerated value DEU is added for this parameter
ADD SUBSYS Type of a subsystem.

SUBSYS SUBSYSTYPE BSC6910
LST SUBSYS An enumerated value UUEP is added for this parameter.)
SUBSYS SUBSYSTYPE DSP SUBSYS BSC6910 An enumerated value UUEP is added for this parameter.

Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2015 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements
regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number
of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the
predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an
offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

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Security Level:

Wireless Product Service Department

Author: Yang Zengkui

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

Good Bad Bad Bad

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 One RNC supports multiple DEUa boards.

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M Operator U Operator T Operator

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Simulation results Test results in lab

0.20% 0.2 0.15

0.50% 0.2 0.246

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VS.DSP.UsageAvg Mean DSP Usage in Period BSC6900

VS.SUBSYS.CPULOAD.MEAN AR9725: Average Subsystem CPU Usage of the Board BSC6910

 This feature requires larger Iub/Iur bandwidth

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VS.SHO.AS.3RL Mean Number of UEs with Three Radio Link for

Proportion of soft handovers (excluding softer handovers) = (VS.SHO.SuccRLAdd -

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

Counter Name Description

Only Seamless Crystal Voice for soft handover areas is enabled.

Counter Name Description

Volume of additional Iur traffic brought by this feature = VS.SRNCIubBytesCSConv.Rx x 8

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Iur Supporting Seamless Default value/Recommended

Seamless Crystal Voice

PROCESSSWITCH5: Default value/Recommended

UplinkActiveSetEX:SMLESSCRSTVOICE_CO Default value/Recommended

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Configurable in CME Batch

1 BRD RNC Board Type (set to DEUa) BRDTYPE Yes

2 BRD RNC Logical Function Type (set to UUEP) LGCAPPTYPE Yes

3 BRD RNC Board Class (set to DEU) BRDCLASS Yes

NodeB Algorithm Enhancement Switch (set to NodeBAlgoEnhSwitch:

Iur Supporting Seamless Crystal Voice (set to

Seamless Crystal Voice QE Threshold (set to

AMR Packet Loss Rate Threshold (set to its

AMR Packet Loss Number Threshold (set to its

AMR Delay Variation Threshold (set to its

Seamless Crystal Voice Inter-Subrack Load

Seamless Crystal Voice on Coordinating Links

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27

　 M Operator U Operator T Operator