UMTS RB Parking Feature

Prepared by: Beshoy Alfi Riad (b00320498)

Date: 16-March-2017

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

RB Parking Feature Overview
Introduction:
In heavy traffic scenarios (for example, holidays, big events, and large gatherings), a large number of UEs access the network
simultaneously, which leads to a high cell load. If radio resources become insufficient in a cell and the amount of radio
resources exceeds the resource admission threshold, the RNC starts to reject UE access, which prevents the cell from
admitting too many UEs. However, since UEs performing PS BE services repeatedly make RRC connection setup attempts,
simply rejecting UE access may result in more RRC connection setup requests, which may eventually lead to RRC signaling
storms.

To resolve these problems, the RB Parking feature enables PS BE UEs that fail to be admitted during the RAB setup phase to
park in the CELL_FACH state and not to repeatedly make RRC connection setup attempts. This increases cell capacity and
guarantees cell stability.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 2
RB Parking Feature Overview
Introduction:
The RB Parking feature classifies UEs in the CELL_FACH state into the following types:

• Common CELL_FACH UEs

These UEs were switched to the CELL_FACH state using conventional state transition features. They can use common
channels to transmit or receive user-plane data at a low speed.

• RB Parking UEs

These UEs are introduced by the RB Parking feature. To prevent UEs that are performing a single PS service but fail to be
admitted during RAB setup from repeatedly making RRC connection setup attempts, the RB Parking feature switches these
UEs to the CELL_FACH state and parks them there. These RB Parking UEs generally have no data transmission on common
channels.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 3
RB Parking Feature Overview
Benefits:
• The number of times UEs performing a single PS BE service are rejected due to radio resource congestion decreases
• The PS RAB setup success rate significantly increases

• If this feature is activated on networks where preemption is enabled, the number of call drops due to resource preemption of

UEs performing a single PS BE service and the PS call drop rate decrease in the cell

• If a large number of RRC connection setup requests or CS RAB setup requests are rejected due to radio resource
congestion, this feature provides the following benefits:
- Reduces the probability that UEs performing PS BE services repeatedly make RRC connection setup attempts.
- Reduces the amount of radio resources consumed by PS RRC connections.
- Reduces the number of PS RRC connection rejections.
- Increases the probability of CS service initiation.
- Increases the cell's CS Erlangs by 5%–10%.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 4
RB Parking Feature Overview
Position of RB Parking in the RAB setup procedure:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 5
Triggering RB Parking
Application scenarios of RB Parking:
• Scenario 1:
A UE in idle mode initiates an RRC connection setup request. If the UE fails to be admitted during RAB setup and the service
to be established is a single PS BE service, the RNC switches the UE to the CELL_FACH state and parks the UE there. This
feature first switches the UE to the 0 kbit/s DCH, and then switches it to CELL_FACH through state transition, and then parks it
in this state.
Feature Switch: RB_PARKING_SWITCH under the CellConnAlgoSwitch1 parameter

• Scenario 2:
If a UE performing a single PS BE service fails to switch from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH, this feature parks the UE in the
CELL_FACH state. This achieves the following:
- Prevents the UE from repeatedly reporting event 4A.
- Reduces the UE's data transmission on the RACH and FACH.
- Prevents the UE from transmitting a large amount of data on common channels and thereby avoids congestion on the
common channels.
- Decreases RACH interference.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 6
Triggering RB Parking
Application scenarios of RB Parking:
• Scenario 3:
This feature parks UEs that are performing a single PS BE service and whose radio resources are preempted in the
CELL_FACH state. If this feature is enabled, the RNC switches preempted UEs to the CELL_FACH state instead of releasing
their RRC connections. Therefore, the number of abnormal releases due to resource preemption and the call drop rate
decrease in the cell.
After cell congestion is relieved, the UEs can attempt to return to the CELL_DCH state by reporting event 4A. In addition, RB
Parking can reduce the following probability: After the RRC connection of the UE whose resources are preempted, the UE
returns to idle mode and reinitiates RRC connection setup requests.
Feature Switch: RB_PARKING_SWITCH and PREEMPTED_PS_BE_DO_PARKING_SWITCH under the
CellConnAlgoSwitch1 parameter

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 7
Triggering RB Parking
Scenario 1:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 8
Triggering RB Parking
Scenario 1 Notes:
• The RNC performs preadmission for the UE on the FACH and determines
whether the DCCH carried on the FACH is congested in the cell. If the DCCH
is congested, the preadmission fails.
• The RNC first switches the UE to the 0 kbit/s DCH and sends the RB SETUP
message to the UE. When the RNC receives the RB SETUP COMPLETE
message from the UE, the UE's RAB setup is successful.
• If the DCCH is not congested and the admission succeeds, the RNC sends
the UE the RB RECONFIGURATION message, instructing the UE to perform
a CELL_DCH-to- CELL_FACH (D2F) state transition immediately. If the RNC
receives the RB RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message from the UE,
the CELL_DCH-to- CELL_FACH state transition is complete.
• The RNC suspends the UE's uplink and downlink user-plane data transmission.
- In the downlink, the RNC suspends the UE's user-plane data transmission.
That is, the data on the downlink Traffic Radio Bear (TRB) is not transmitted.
However, the data on the downlink Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) can still be
transmitted.
- In the uplink, the RNC sends the RB Parking UE's traffic volume measurement
control message to the UE. By configuring a smaller event 4A trigger threshold,
the RB Parking UE can trigger event 4A as soon as possible. In this way, the UE
stops user-plane data transmission in the uplink after event 4A is triggered.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 9
Triggering RB Parking
Mechanism and parameters for triggering traffic volume measurement control for event 4A:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 10
Triggering RB Parking
Scenario 2:

In this process, if the state transition

from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
is not due to new RAB setup, the
possible cause may be the reporting
of event 4A.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 11
Triggering RB Parking
Scenario 3:

The admission decision for the UE on the FACH

is as follows:
If the DCCH that maps the FACH in the cell is
not congested, the admission for the UE on the
FACH is successful. Otherwise, the admission
fails.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 12
Leaving RB Parking
An RB Parking UE leaves the RB Parking state in the following scenarios:

• The UE attempts to switch to the CELL_DCH state:

- The UE initiates a new service.
- The UE reports event 4A in the uplink or downlink.

• The UE attempts to switch to the CELL_PCH state or idle

mode:
- The UE reports event 4B
- The UE sends the SCRI message.

• The UE moves to another cell:

- The UE reselects another cell.
After the RB Parking UE reselects a new cell, the RNC
sends the traffic volume measurement control
message to the UE according to rules in the new cell. The
UE leaves the RB Parking state and becomes a common
CELL_FACH UE after the cell reselection.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 13
Impact of RB Parking on Common CELL_FACH UEs
When the DTCH/DCCH/CCCH carried on the FACH is congested, the RNC performs flow control based on the congestion
level. The relationships between RB Parking and DTCH/DCCH/CCCH congestion are as follows:

• Relationship between RB Parking and DTCH congestion

Since the RB Parking UE has no user-plane data transmission in the CELL_FACH state, it does not directly affect the
DTCH carried on the FACH. Therefore, when the PERFENH_DTCH_FACH_CONG_D2I_SWITCH is set to ON, the RB
Parking UEs in scenarios 1 and 3 can still perform D2F state transition even if the DTCH is congested.

• Relationship between RB Parking and DCCH congestion

RB Parking UEs are in the CELL_FACH state and control-plane data can be normally transmitted, which affects the DCCH
carried on the FACH. Therefore, if the DCCH is congested, RB Parking cannot be performed. When RB Parking UEs are
about to perform D2F state transitions in scenarios 1 and 3, the RNC disallows the state transitions and releases these UEs'
RRC connections if the DCCH is congested, regardless of whether the PERFENH_FACH_CONG_D2IDLE_SWITCH is set
to ON. This switch only applies to the D2F state transitions of common CELL_FACH UEs.

• Relationship between RB Parking and CCCH congestion

CCCH flow control is mainly performed on RRC connection setup messages and cell update messages, with UEs in idle
mode and in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state involved. RB Parking has no impact on the CCCH. Therefore, when flow
control is triggered due to CCCH congestion, RB Parking UEs are not involved.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 14
Related Features
Prerequisite Features
The RB Parking feature is dependent on the WRFD-021101 Dynamic Channel Configuration Control (DCCC) feature.

Mutually Exclusive Features

If the RB Parking feature and the low-rate access function are both enabled, low-rate access becomes ineffective in scenario 1

Impacted Features
• RB Parking has no direct dependency on WRFD-020101 Admission Control. However, it is recommended that you enable
RB Parking, loose RRC admission, and RAB admission at the same time to guarantee the gains provided by RB Parking.

• RB Parking has no direct dependency on Conventional state transition features. However, if state transition is not enabled,
there are no scenarios in which F2D state transition fails and RB Parking does not take effect.

• RB Parking is not directly mutually exclusive with the following features:

−WRFD-040100 Flow Control
−E2E Flow Control
However, after WRFD-040100 Flow Control or E2E Flow Control is enabled, a large number of RRC connection setup requests
are rejected or discarded during the RRC admission phase if flow control takes effect on RRC connection setup requests. This
may reduce the gains provided by RB Parking.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 15
Related Features
• RB Parking can be enabled together with the F2D State Transition Based on Data Transmission Wait Time function in the
same cell. When they are both enabled, the F2D State Transition Based on Data Transmission Wait Time function does not
take effect for RB Parking UEs.

• RB Parking and WRFD-140213 Intelligent Access Class Control can be enabled together. If WRFD-140213 Intelligent
Access Class Control uses the RAB setup rejection rate as the condition for determining whether a cell is congested, the
trigger time of Intelligent Access Class Control is delayed because PS RAB setup requests are not rejected after RB Parking
is enabled.
RB Parking and WRFD-140213 Intelligent Access Class Control take effect at different times because they apply to different
cell congestion scenarios. If the cell is congested but does not crash, RB Parking takes effect. As the number of RRC
connection setup requests in the cell increases, the cell becomes extremely congested. When the RRC connection setup
rejection rate is greater than or equal to CongRejTrigThd (30% by default), WRFD-140213 Intelligent Access Class Control
takes effect.

• There are related features to RB Parking feature but they are not very familiar (can be found in the HedEx)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 16
Network Impact
System Capacity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 17
Network Impact
Network Performance
After this feature is enabled, the number of times UEs performing a single PS BE service are rejected due to radio resource
congestion decreases. These UEs can access the network and stay in the CELL_FACH state. After resource congestion is
relieved, they can resume data transmission. Therefore, the PS RAB setup success rate increases.

However, if CS traffic is heavy, it becomes even heavier after this feature is enabled. Because a large number of CS services
access the network, the downlink non-HSPA power congestion deteriorates in the cell. As a result, the number of PS service
admission failures increases for combined services where a CS service is set up before a PS service. In this situation, RB
Parking cannot be performed, which may reduce the PS RAB setup success rate. The reason why RB Parking cannot be
performed is as follows: A CS service requires the UE to be in the CELL_DCH state. For CS+PS combined services, if a PS
service admission fails, the UE cannot switch to the CELL_FACH state to perform RB Parking.

On networks where preemption is enabled, when the PREEMPTED_PS_BE_DO_PARKING_SWITCH is set to on, the RNC
does not release the RRC connections of preempted UEs that are performing a single PS BE service. Instead, the RNC
switches the UEs to the CELL_FACH state and parks them in this state. In this way, the number of abnormal call drops for
these UEs in a cell decreases. That is, the PS call drop rate in a cell decreases.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 18
RB Parking Feature
When to Use RB Parking :

In heavy traffic scenarios (for example, holidays, big events, and large gatherings), if radio resources in a cell are insufficient
and UEs repeatedly make RRC connection setup requests, it is recommended that you enable this feature.

It is recommended that you enable this feature in cells that meet the following conditions:
• The Rise over Thermal is greater than 6 dB.
• The downlink non-HSPA power load factor is
greater than 75% or the total downlink power
load factor is greater than 90%.
• The PS RAB setup success rate is less
than 95% due to radio resource congestion .

It is recommended that you do not enable this

feature if the DCCH carried on the FACH is
severely congested.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 19
RB Parking Feature

Activation:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 20
RB Parking Feature

Activation:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 21
RB Parking Feature
Activation Observation: Performance Monitoring:
After this feature is enabled, check whether the After the feature is enabled, observe the following
feature has taken effect using the following counters to evaluate feature performance:
methods:
• If either of the
VS.RAB.SuccEstabPS.Parking.0kbps and
VS.F2DAccessFail.Parking counters is not 0,
the RB Parking feature has taken effect in
scenarios 1 and 2.
• If VS.PSPreempted.D2F.Att.Parking is not 0, the
RB Parking feature has taken effect in scenario
3.
• If VS.CellFACHUEs.Parking.Mean is not 0, the
RB Parking feature has taken effect.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 22
RB Parking Feature
Parameter Optimization:

• If you want to improve user experience, reduce the value of the ParkingF2DHTvmPTAT parameter to 8s and
change the value of the ParkingF2DHTvmTxIAT parameter to 8s. (This improves user experience but increases
the number of events 4A on common channels, which increases the data volume on the RACH. It is recommended
that you do not use the preceding parameter optimization method if the network is severely congested.)

• The Parking4ADiscardTimer parameter:

- If you want to make it easier for RB Parking UEs to return to the CELL_DCH state and improve the user
experience of these UEs, reduce the value of this parameter.
- If the cell is severely congested, you can increase the parameter value to make it difficult for RB Parking UEs to
return to the CELL_DCH state.

• The ParkingRelTimer parameter:

- If you want to reduce the UE's power consumption and improve user experience, reduce the value of this
parameter.
- If the cell is severely congested, you can increase the parameter value to increase the period during which an RB
Parking UE is parked in the CELL_FACH state.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
HISILICON CO., LTD.
SEMICONDUCTOR Page 23
 Thank You

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.