CHAPTER - 3

FIBRE TO FABRIC

CLASS :- VI
SUBJECT :- SCIENCE
 VARIETY OF FABRIC
⚫Plant fibres: cotton,
jute, flax.
⚫Animal fibres: Wool,
silk, fur.
 TYPES OF FABRICS
⚫Cotton
⚫Wool
⚫Silk
⚫Synthetic fibre: Nylon,
rayon, polyster,acrylic etc.
 YARN
⚫Fabric is made up of
many loose thread
which is called yarn.
 FIBRES
⚫The thin strands of thread
that we see are made up of
still thinner strands called
fibres. Fibres are made up
of yarns and yarns are
further made up of fibres.
 NATURAL FIBRES
⚫The fibres of some
fabrics such as
cotton,jute,silk and wool
are obtained from plants
and animals. These are
called natural fibres.
 SYNTHETIC FIBRES
⚫Some fibres are also made
from chemical substances.
These are called synthetic
fibres. E.g. Polyester,
nylon, acrylic,rayon etc.
 COTTON
⚫Cotton is obtained from cotton plant.
⚫It grows best in black soil and warm
climate.
⚫The fruits of cotton plant(cotton ball) are
about size of lemon.
⚫ After maturing the cotton ball burst, open
and seed covered with fabric an be seen.
⚫Cotton is picked by hand.
Cotton plant
COTTON BALL
COTTON FIBRES
 GINNING
⚫The process of separation
of fibres from seed by
combing is called ginning. It
is done with hand or with
the help of machine.
COTTON FIBRES
MACHINE FOR
GINNING
COTTON CLOTH
COTTON FABRICS
COTTON DRESS
COTTON DRESS
COTTON DRESS
 JUTE
⚫Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of jute
plant.
⚫It is cultivated during the rainy season.
⚫In India, jute is mainly grown in west Bengal,
Bihar and Assam.
⚫The jute plant is normally harvested when is at
flowering stage.
⚫The stems of the harvested plants are
immersed in water for a few days.
⚫The stems rot and fibres are separated by
hands.
Jute plants
JUTE PLANTS
JUTE FIBRES
JUTE CLOTH
JUTE MAT
JUTE FIBRES
JUTR ROPE
 SPINNING
The process of making yarn from
fibres is called spinning. In the
process of spinning fibres from
cotton are drawn out and twisted.
This brings the fibres together to
form as yarn. Hand device used
for spinning are Takli and
Charkha.
 YARN TO FABRIC
⚫To make fabric from yarn there are two main
process. They are weaving and knitting.

⚫Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of

yarn together to make a fabric is called
weaving. Weaving of fabric is done in looms.
The looms are either hand operated or power
operated.

⚫Knitting: In case of knitting a single yarn is

used to make fabric. Knitting is done by hand
or machine.
HISTORY OF CLOTHING
⚫In ancient times people used the bark and big
leaves of the tree or animal skins and furs to
cover themselves.
⚫After settlement they learnt to weave twigs
and grass into masts and baskets.
⚫Vines, animals fleece or hair were twisted
together into long strands were woven into
fabrics.
⚫The early Indians also learnt to weave cotton
fibres.
 FABRICS USED AS
UNSTITCHED
⚫Sari
⚫Dhoti
⚫Lungi
⚫Turban
⚫Dupatta
⚫Towel
⚫Ribbon etc.
THANKS