REVIEW ALL SKILLS (1-25)

Structure and Written Expression

Poltekes TNI AU - Week 3 Day 7

06/06/2022
 Overview
of All Skills
Subject Verb Agreement
11. After prepositional phrases
12. After expressions of quantity
13. After certain words
Parallel Structure
14. With coordinate conjunctions
15: With paired conjunctions
Single Clause
1. Subjects and verbs
Multiple Clause
5. Coordinate connectors
2. Objects of prepositions
3. Present Participles
4. Past Participle
6. Adverb clause connectors
7. Noun clause connectors
8. Noun clause connector/subjects
9: Adjective clause connectors
10. Adjective clause connector
Verbs, Nouns, Adjective, Adverbs /subjects
16. Past participles after have
17. Present participles or Past participles after be
18. Base form verbs after modals
19. Singular and plural nouns
20. Countable and uncountable nouns
21. Subject and object pronouns What have
22: Possessives
23: Pronoun reference we learned
24: Adjectives and adverbs in Week 1?
25: Adjectives after linking verbs
 Noun Verb Connector
Subject/Object

Preposition
Adjective Adverb
Phrase
V-ing as adj
PP S V O
In the concert room, the smiling girl is singing the song
written by the famously
adjective
composer
noun
confidently. Which word
PP is incorrect?
V3 as adj adverb
Di ruang konser, gadis yg tersenyum itu sedang menyanyikan lagu yang ditulis komposer terkenal dengan percaya diri.
1. Subjects and Verbs

Noun
Verb
(a phone, glasses, water,
(study, write, run is-am-
a student, Nadia,
are, was-were)
technology, happiness)
The student is kind. The kind student is … The student runs slowly.

Adjective Adverb
describes (new, cold, smart, kind, (slowly, quickly, describes
smiling, advanced) suddenly, very, too)

Example : The smart student runs very quickly

ADJ NOUN VERB ADV
2. Objects of Prepositions (or PP)
Prepositional Phrase (PP)
- to the island
- on Saturday
- for three hours
about behind except on under

above below for onto underneath

across beneath from outside unlike

after beside in over until

against between inside past up

along beyond into since upon

among by like through versus

around despite near throughout with

as down of to within

at during off toward without

3. Present Participle (V-ing) : continuous

A Present Participle = the -ing form of the verb

S V
continuous tense :
to be + V-ing
(is, am, are, was, were,
(The train) (is arriving)
verb
verb at the station now. have/has been, had
been)

S V
(The train arriving at the station now) (is) an hour
adjective late
‘arriving at the station now’ is an adjective phrase that describes the noun
‘train’
4. Past Participle (V3) : perfect & passive

perfect tense :
S V have/had + V3

Past Participle (The mailman) (has left) a letter in the

mailbox.
= Verb 3 verb
(The letter left in the mailbox) (was) for
me. adjective
S V
(The classes) (were taught) by Professor passive : to be + V3
(is, am, are, was, were,
Smith. verb have/had been)
(The classes taught by Professor Smith) (were) very
interesting.adjective

What can you see in the picture?
Are there any nouns, verbs
adjectives, and adverbs?
1. Subjects and Verbs
The students are reading.
2. Objects of Prepositions (or PP)
The students are reading books about
adventures in the garden of the school
during break-time.
3. Present Participle (V-ing) : continuous
The smiling students sitting on the grass
are reading.
4. Past Participle (V3) : perfect & passive
The students are reading books written by
famous authors. The books were written
by Enid Blyton.
 Noun Verb Connector
Subject/Object

Preposition
Adjective Adverb
Phrase
main clause 1 Number of CLAUSES = CONNECTORS + 1
adjective clause main clause 2 MAIN CLAUSE
1. The boy was late.
The boy whom I met was late, so he didn’t know 2. He didn’t know.

what had happened at school. noun clause ADJECTIVE, NOUN CLAUSE

3. I met the boy.
4. What had happened at
Anak lelaki yang aku temui terlambat, jadi dia tidak tahu apa yg telah terjadi di sekolah. school.
 5.Coordinate 6. Adverb 7. Noun 8. Noun 9. Adjective 10. Adjective
Connector Connector Connector Connector as Connector Connector as
Subject Subject

Time: after, as, before,

what, when,
since, until, when, while where, why, how
Cause: because, since whom (people) who (people)
BASO:
Condition: if, whether which (things) which (things)
but, and, so, or whether, if who, which, what
Contrast: although, that (people/things) that (people/things)
even though, though,
that
while

Connect 2 main Connect main clauses Connect main clauses Noun connector is also Connect main clauses Adjective connector is
clauses. Use comma. with adverb clauses. with noun clauses. the SUBJECT of the with adjective clauses. also the SUBJECT of
Use comma if the No comma. adjective clause. No comma.Connectors the adjective clause.
connector is in the No comma. can be omitted. No comma.
Example : beginning. Connectors can not be
It is raining, but he Example : Example : Example : Example : 2 cases omitted.
still goes out. Mat felt good since he I see that she is Ali told me what I see the picture (that)
They weren’t there, passed the test. drawing. happened. she drew. Example :
so they didn’t know If he passes the test, Sally explained how Ali thinks about who The girl (whom) you The woman (who
the news. Sam will feel happy. she did it. will come. met is beautiful. wears black dress) is
(adj cls inside main cls) my mom.
 Number of CLAUSES = CONNECTORS + 1

Guess : Adverb, Noun or Adjective Clause

While Mom was sweeping
the floor, the baby cried
since he felt really hungry.
2 adverb clauses, 1 main clause
The girl whom I had met
last month visited Bali a
week ago.
1 adjective clause, 1 main clause
The actor didn’t talk about
where he had lived before
he was famous.
1 noun clause, 1 adverb clause,
1 main clause

The man who stood there The friendly salesman

Marry will stay with him
wasn’t scared even though checked what has gone
until the doctor arrives.
it was dark outside. wrong with my camera.

1 adverb clauses, 1 main clause 1 adjective clause, 1 adverb clause, 1 noun clause, 1 main clause
1 main clause
 Missing
Subject Missing Object
(skill 1) of Preposition
“with” (skill 3)

(
) (

)
Missing Missing Object of
connector, S, V Preposition “of”
(skill 7 - noun (skill 8 - noun connector as
connector) subject/double agent)
 Missing present
Missing S and V participle as adjective
in adverb clause (skill 3)
(skill 6) “systems using …”

Missing S and V Missing connector and V in

(skill 5 - coordinate adjective clause
connector) (skill 10)
“water (which is) “packages (which is) called …”
known as…”
Missing past participle
as adjective (skill 4) = Missing S and V in
passive form : “gases
(which is) held in place”
adjective clause
(skill 9)
 Overview
of All Skills
Subject Verb Agreement
11. After prepositional phrases
12. After expressions of quantity
13. After certain words
Parallel Structure
14. With coordinate conjunctions
15: With paired conjunctions
Single Clause
1. Subjects and verbs
Multiple Clause
5. Coordinate connectors
2. Objects of prepositions
3. Present Participles
4. Past Participle
6. Adverb clause connectors
7. Noun clause connectors
8. Noun clause connector/subjects
9: Adjective clause connectors
10. Adjective clause connector
Verbs, Nouns, Adjective, Adverbs /subjects
16. Past participles after have
17. Present participles or Past participles after be
18. Base form verbs after modals
19. Singular and plural nouns
20. Countable and uncountable nouns
21. Subject and object pronouns What have
22: Possessives
23: Pronoun reference we learned
24: Adjectives and adverbs in Week 2?
25: Adjectives after linking verbs
SUMMARY of ALL SKILLS (1-
25)
Structure and Written Expression
1. Subjects and Verbs
Every sentence must have 1
Subject and 1 Verb.
Example :
The man from the office have
talked to me about the problems.
2. Object of Prepositions
Example : around city, during
work time, with him.
Prepositional Phrase is NOT
Subject. Example :
In the garden, there is a tiger.
3. Present Participle
As VERB : The train is arriving.
As ADJECTIVE : The train
arriving now is new. The verb is
"is".
4. Past Participle
As VERB : The glass was
broken.
As ADJECTIVE : The broken
glass hurts me. The verb is
"hurts".
5. Coordinate Connectors
But, and, so, or (BASO).
Example : Uni is sleeping, and
Ana is swimming.
(Put a comma before the
6. Adverb Connectors
Because, if, while, as,
although, before, since, etc.
Example : She sleeps while he
drives. Or: While he drives, she
sleeps.
7. Noun Connectors
What, when, where, why, how,
that, if, whether
Example : I know where he is.
She hoped that she passed the
test. (No comma)
8. Noun Connectors as Subjects
Who, which, what
Example :
I don’t know who opened the
door
9. Adjective Clause Connectors
Whom, which, what
Example (2 types) :
I bought the hat that she wore.
The sunglasses that Atta wears
is expensive.
10. Adjective Clause Connector
as Subjects
Who, which, what
Example :
The couple attended an event
11. Agreement after
Prepositional Phrase
Example :
Students of that school are
studying. students=plural, are
studying=plural (omit PP)
12. Agreement after Expression
of Quantity
All, most, half, some, part
Example :
1. Only half of the book has
been read.
2. Only half of students come
13. Agreement after Certain
Words everyone, someone,
anyone, everyone, each, every +
singular verb
Example : Everyone is happy
14. Parallel Structure
Example:
She sang, danced, and
entertained all.
Happiness, joy, and excitement
are important.
15. Parallel Structure with
Paired Connectors
both...and, either… or,
neither… nor, not only… but also
Either lunch or dinner is served.
16. Past Participle after Have
Example :
She has broken (v3) the window
They had appeared (V3).
Having stolen the crown, the
thief was caught.
17. Present Participle or Past
Participles after Be
Be + V-ing
Active: She is running
Be + V3
Passive: He was caught
18. Base Form Verbs after
Modals (can, could, must,
should, will, etc)
We must study (V1)
She should go (V1)
19. Singular and Plural Nouns
book (singular), books (plural)
child (singular), children (plural)
20. Countable and Uncountable
Nouns
COUNT : apples, tables, women
UNCOUNT : furniture, liquid
(water, milk, cheese), happiness
21. Subject & Object Pronouns
Subjects :
I, you, she, he, it, they, we
Objects :
me, you, her, him, it, them, us
Example : They gave it to us.
22. Possessives
Adjective : my, your, her, his,
its, their, our
Pronoun : mine, yours, hers,
his, its, theirs
Example : This was our house,
and that was theirs.
23. Pronoun References :
Each person has to sign her or
her paper.
I saw apples. They are green.
25. Adjectives and Adverbs
Adj describe noun & pronoun.
Adv describe verbs, adj, adv.
Raisa sings powerfully.
She is a beautifully dressed girl.
He walked quite slowly.
25. Adjectives after Linking
Verbs appear, be, become, feel,
look, seem, smell, taste, prove
Example : She looks gorgeous.
 How to V

Analyse?
1. Find the SUBJECT. Beware of PP!
MISSING VERB
Questions no 1-15
2. Find the VERB. Beware of V-ing
and V3 that act as ADJECTIVES Now, try it out!
located after nouns (subject/object).
3. Find the CONNECTOR (for multi
clause). S + V after connectors.
4. Simplify the sentence. Cross PP! MISSING
a part of VERB
5. Check all choices a, b, c, d to match and a connector
WHAT’S MISSING? Remember : S-V
Agreement & Parallel Structure.
 How to Analyse? Questions no 16-40
Read all choices a, b, c, d to identify PROBLEMS.
Check for S-V Agreement, Parallel Structure, Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs.
adj V3
S V
PP
she
21. Object Pronouns
Now, try it out!
V
S
adj V-ing
24. Adverb
effectively
takes

13. Subject-Agreement
 solve
40 QUESTIONS
in
25 MINUTES

37.5 sec/question
Revision: Skills (1-25)
Revision: Skills (1-25)
Revision: Skills (1-25)
Answers Key
S V
S V
S V
S V
S V
S V
 S V

S V
S V

V
S V

S V
 S V

S
V
 S

V
S
S V
S V V

S
S

V
S V
S

V
Revision: Skills (1-25)
Revision:
Skills (1-25)
Revision:
Skills (1-25)
Revision:
Skills (1-25)
Revision:
Skills (1-25)
Answers Key
 18. Modal + V1
shift
13. Subject-Agreement

takes

been 16. Have + V3

and
15. Connector

plants 12. S-V most

 11. S-V agreement after PP

are

21. Objects
she

history 14. Paralel structure : noun

introduced
17. Be + v3 (passive)

21. Objects
him
 15. Connector

Both
21. S-V
agreement
are

24. Adj and

elliptical Adv

submerge

14. Parallel s
 11. S-V agre

was

23. Ref
it

17. Be + V3 (passive)
tallied

12. S-V agre

inhabit

decade 13. S-V agre

 number
20. Count noun

suitable
24. Adjective
16. Had + V3

saved

22. Possesibe
their
24.Adverb

effectively

it
23.Reference