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Analysis of Variance (Anova) Part 2 Two-Way Anova Replication
Analysis of Variance (Anova) Part 2 Two-Way Anova Replication
Analysis of Variance (Anova) Part 2 Two-Way Anova Replication
Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA)
PART 2 =TWO- WAY ANOVA
WITHOUT REPLICATION
Two-Way ANOVA without Replication
(Randomized Block Design)
• Known as Randomized Block Design (RBD)
• For RBD there is one factor or variable that is of primary
interest. However, there are also several other nuisance
factor.
• Nuisance factors are those that may affect the measured
result, but not of primary interest.
• For example, in applying a treatment, nuisance factors
might be the specific operator who prepared the treatment,
the time of day the experiment was run and the room
temperature.
• So, to control this, the important technique known as
blocking.
Randomized Block Design, cont.
i 1, 2,..., n
Effects model for RBD: xij j i ij
j 1, 2,..., t
where,
: overall mean effect
j : the effect of treatment j
i : the effect of block i
ij : random error
• Two Sets of Hypothesis:
Treatment Effect:
H0: 1 = 2 = ... = t =0
H1: j 0 at least one j
Block Effect:
H0: i = 0 for each value of i through n
H1: i ≠ 0 at least one i
Randomized Block Design, cont.
• Format for data: Data appear in a table, where location in a
specific row and a specific column is important.
• Calculations:
– Sum of squares total (SST) = sum of squared
differences between each individual data value
(regardless of group membership) minus the grand
mean, x , across all data... total variation in the data (not
variance).
t n 2
SSTR n x. j x
j 1
SSBL t xi. x
i 1
SSE
MSE
(t 1)(n 1)
Randomized Block Design, cont.
• Calculations, cont.:
Test Statistics, F-Ratios: ( F test)
– F-Ratio, Treatment = MSTR/MSE,
This F-ratio is the test statistic for the hypothesis that the
treatment group means are equal.
- F-Ratio, Block = MSBL/MSE,
This F-ratio is the test statistic for the hypothesis that the
block group means are equal.
Randomized Block Design, cont.
ANOVA Table
Source of Sum of Degrees Mean F p-Value
Variation Squares of Square
Freedom
Treatments SSTR t-1 SSTR MSTR
MSTR
t 1 MSE
Blocks SSBL n-1 SSBL MSBL
MSBL
n 1 MSE
Error SSE (t-1)(n-1) SSE
MSE
t 1 n 1
Total SST tn-1
Randomized Block Design, cont.
F value
- Treatment effect - F , t -1,(t-1)(n-1)
v1= t -1; v2= (t-1)(n-1) = table (ms 30)
- Block effect - F , n -1,(t-1)(n-1)
v1= n -1; v2= (t-1)(n-1)= table (ms 30)
If F-Ratio (F test) > F or p-value < , reject H0 at the
level
Conclusion
*To reject the null hypothesis means that at least one
treatment group had a different effect than the rest.
*To reject the null hypothesis means that at least one block
group had a different effect on the dependent variable than the
rest.
Randomized Block Design, cont.
1 31 30 30 30.333
2 30 29 29 29.333
3 29 29 28 28.667
4 33 31 29 31.000
5 26 25 26 25.667
Treatment
Means 29.8 28.8 28.4 x 29
SOLUTION
1. Hypothesis:
H0: 1 = 2 = 3=0
H1: j 0 at least one j
1 = Blend X
= Blend Y
2
= Blend Z
3
Randomized Block Design, cont.
2. Test Statistics ( F test)
Mean Square Due to Treatments:
The overall sample mean is 29. Thus,
i. SSTR = 5[(29.8 - 29)2 + (28.8 - 29)2 + (28.4 - 29)2] = 5.2
MSTR = 5.2/(3 - 1) = 2.6
Mean Square Due to Blocks:
ii. SSBL = 3[(30.333 - 29)2 + . . . + (25.667 - 29)2] = 51.33
MSBL = 51.33/(5 - 1) = 12.8
Total 62.00 14
Randomized Block Design, cont.
2. F (alfa) value – critical value
Treatment :
For = 0.05, F0.05,2,8 = 4.46
(2 d.f. numerator and 8 d.f. denominator)
3. Rejection Region ( Draw picture)
Critical Value Approach:
Do not Reject H0
Since F Test > F alfa ; 3.82 < 4.46
p-Value Approach:
Do not Reject H0
Since p-value (0.07) > 0.05
Randomized Block Design, cont.
5. Conclusion:
5 IMPORTANT STEP:
1.HYPOTHESIS TESTING
2.TEST STATISTIC – F TEST
3.F (alfa) – VALUE (CRITICAL
VALUE)
4.REJECTION REGION
5.CONCLUSION