Warning signs

of
various diseases

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 Objectives
a)define warning signs
b)enumerate the importance of warning signs
c)list the warning signs of various
diseases in general
d)discuss regarding warning signs of
vision loss
e)state the warning signs of diabetes
f)list the warning signs of lung
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 Objectives
g)describe the warning signs of cardiovasc
ular disease.
h)enumerate the warning signs of kidney
disease
i)list the warning signs of dehydration
j)discuss regarding warning signs of
cancer
k)state the warning signs of leprosy
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 Introduction
According to WHO statistics, India
faces the twin epidemic of continuing
and emerging infectious diseases as
well as chronic degenerative diseases.

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 Warning sign

Warning sign means a sign giving

warning of a hazard or risk.

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 Importance of warning signs

• Early identification and diagnosis

of the health problems
• Early treatment
Decreases morbidity ,mortality

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 Warming signs of various diseases
in general
• Unexplained weight loss ( infection ,
depression, AIDS ,cancer )
• Unexplained changes in bowel
habits (ulcer, cancer ,infection )
• Chest pain ( heart diseases )

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Cont…
• Shortness of breath (heart /lung disease)
• Sudden unexplained
headaches (infection or brain
tumor )
• Sudden weakness or numbness
of the
face , arm or leg (stroke)
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Cont…

• Fever (infection )
• Hot, red or swollen joint (arthritis )

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 Scenario
Mr. Bert, aged 80 years, presented to his
general practitioner with sudden blurred
vision in his right eye 2 hours prior. He
was an insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic
with a history of hypertension and
dyslipidemia.
Identified Problem :
06/08/2022What are the warning signs : 11
Sensory system: Vision loss

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 Warning signs of vision loss
• Blurred vision (hypertension or diabetic)
• A dark or empty patch (macular degeneration
• Fading or yellow color (cataracts)
• Flashes of light or debris in vision (retinal
detachment)
• Tunnel vision ( glaucoma)
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 Scenario
Mr.X is complains of frequent urination,
hunger, and thirst, which leads to drinking
more water daily. He is very concerned
because he is often agitated, anxious, and
impatient to the point that it is affecting
his family and work life.
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Endocrine system : Diabetes

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Warning signs of diabetes
• A parent or sibling with diabetes
• increased thirst
• increased appetite
• frequent urination at night
• unexplained weight loss or very overweight
• elevated triglycerides
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Cont..
• impaired glucose tolerance
• slow healing wounds
• Fatigue
• persistent blurred vision ,
• persistent numbness in hands or
feet
• frequent skin infection
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 Scenario
John, a 50-year-old man, comes to the
emergency department with worsening
dyspnoea, fever, cough and increased
purulent sputum production. He is
accompanied by his sister, who says
John has been experiencing shortness of
breath, feeling fatigued.
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Respiratory System: lung diseases

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Warning signs of lung disease
• Chronic cough
• shortness of breath
• chronic mucus production
• Wheezing
• coughing up blood
• chronic chest pain
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 Scenario
Mr James is a 68 year old man who
presents to you for the first time
compl aining of increasing shortness
of breath on exertion, headache ,
dizziness a nd chest pain.

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Cardiovascular System

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Warning signs of hypertension
• Sweating
• Headache
• Dizziness
• quick exhaustion
• rapid pulse or palpitation
• vision disorder.
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 Warning signs stroke
F.A.S.T
F- face dropping
A- arm weakness
S- speech difficulties
T- time to call al
hospit
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Cont..
• Numbness or weakness of the face , arm or
leg Sudden trouble in seeing in one or
both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness,
loss of balance or coordination
• Sudden severe headache with no
known causes
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 Scenario
The patient is a 41 year-old male who
has a longstanding history of hypertens
ion and diabetes and presents with a
co mplaint of pruritis, lethargy, lower
extr emity edema, nausea and emesis.

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Renal system

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Warning signs of kidney disease

• Nausea or vomiting
• Weakness or fatigue
• loss of appetite
• trouble sleeping

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Cont..
•
difficulties in concentrating and
poor school performance,
• weight gain
• swollen feet and ankles
puffiness around eyes
• high blood pressure
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 Scenario;
12 year old girl came to emergency
with complaint of Vomiting, has not
eaten × 2 days, diarrhea ×3 days

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Dehydration

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Warning signs of dehydration
• Decreased skin elasticity or turgor
• Restlessness and irritability
• Excessive thirst
• Dry tongue,
• Absent tears, sunken eyes
• less urine output
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Warning signs of cancer : Caution
C: Change in bowel or bladder habits.
A: A sore that does not heal.
U: Unusual bleeding or discharg e.
T: Thickening in the breast or elsewhere
I: Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
O: Obvious change in a wart or mole.
N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
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 Scenario
Ms. Deepa had fever last week and
now she is complaining of a
persistent pruritic rash throughout
her body.

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 Leprosy

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Warning signs of leprosy

• Hypo pigmented anesthetic patches

• partial or total loss of sensation
• thickened or palpable peripheral nerve

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Warning sign in babies
• Low birth weight
• birth injury
• refusal of feeds
• Convulsion

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Conti..

• Dyspnoea and apnoea

• Drowsiness
• Hyponatremia
• Discharge from the cord cyanosis

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Warning signs in pregnancy

• vaginal bleeding
• convulsions/fits
• severe headaches with blurred vision
• fever and too weak to get out of bed
• severe abdominal pain

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Cont..

• Fast or difficult breathing.

• Fever
• Abdominal pain
• Feels ill
• Swelling of fingers, face and legs
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Journal
Use of Maternal Early Warning Trigger
tool reduces maternal morbidity:
Primary goal was early assessment and treatment of
patients suspected of clinical deterioration.
The tool addressed the 4 most common areas of
maternal morbidity: sepsis, cardiopulmonary
dysfunction, preeclampsia-hypertension, and
haemorrhage
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Journal
Warning Symptoms Are Associated With
Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest :
Of 839 patients with SCA and comprehensive
assessment of symptoms. 50% of them had
warning symptoms mainly chest pain and
dyspnea. Survival rate was higher in those who
asked for help.
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Conclusion
Some of disease or illness have their own
unique signs. These signs are very essential
for health professionals to identify and treat
diseases to reduce the burden of mortality and
morbidity.

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REFERENCES
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healt
h (Vol. 5). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
2.Kumari, N. (2011). A Text Book of community health nursing. Jalandhar: S.vikas
a nd company (medical ) India
3.Warning signs of lung disease. Retrieved December 2, 2016, from http://www.lung.
org/lung-health-and-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/?referrer=https://www.g
oogle.co.in/
4.Warning Signs of a Heart Attack. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://
www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/WarningSignsofaHeartAttack/
Warning-Signs-of-a-Heart-Attack_UCM_002039_Article.jsp
5.India. (n.d.). Retrieved December 03, 2016, from
http://www.who.int/countries/ind/ en/
SIGNS, D., & PREGNANCY (2013). DANGER SIGNS IN PREGNANCY. Retrie
6.06/08/2022 44