A Element

book

NAME:BHARATHWAJ

CLASS:XI

SCHOOL:VEDANTA ACADEMY
 HYDROGEN
• Symbol : H
• Atomic number : 1
• Mass number : 1.008u
• Electronic configuration : 1S1
• Special feature : At a standard temperature and
pressure ,hydrogen is a nontoxic, nonmetallic, odorless,
tasteless, colorless, and highly combustible diatomic gas.
 HELIUM
• Symbol :HE
• Atomic number : 2
• Mass number : 4.003u
• Electronic Configuration : 1S2
• Special feature :Helium has many unique properties:
low boiling point, low density, low solubility, high
thermal conductivity and inertness, so it is use for any
application which can explioit these properties.
 LITHIUM
• Symbol : LI
• Atomic number : 3
• Mass number : 6.941u
• Electronic configuration : 2S1
• Special feature : Lithium is a special metal in many
ways. It's light and soft — so soft that it can be cut with a
kitchen knife and so low in density that it floats on water.
It's also solid at a wide range of temperatures, with one
of the lowest melting points of all metals and a high boiling point.
 Beryllium
• Symbol : BE
• Atomic number : 4
• Mass number : 9.013u
• Electronic configuration : 2S2
• Special feature : Beryllium is a silvery-white metal. It is
relatively soft and has a low density. Beryllium is used
in alloys with copper or nickel to make gyroscopes,
springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes and
non-sparking tools
 BORON
• Symbol : B
• Atomic number : 5
• Mass number : 5
• Electronic configuration : 2S2 2P1
• Special features : Boron is a metalloid, intermediate
between metals and non-metals. It exists in many
polymorphs (different crystal lattice structures), some
more metallic than others. Metallic boron is extremely
hard and has a very high melting point. 
 CARBON
• Symbol : C
• Atomic number : 6
• Mass number : 12.011u
• Electronic configuration : 2S2 2P2
• Special feature : Carbon has an exceptional ability to bind
with a wide variety of other elements. Carbon makes four
electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds, allowing
carbon atoms to form multiple stable bonds with other small
atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
 NITROGEN
• Symbol : N
• Atomic number : 7
• Mass number : 14.007
• Electronic configuration : 2s2 2p3
• Special feature: Nitrogen is a common normally
colourless, odourless, tasteless and mostly diatomic
non-metal gas. It has five electrons in its outer shell, so
it is trivalent in most compounds.
 OXYGEN
Symbol : O
Atomic number : 8
Mass number : 15.999
Electronic configuration : 2s² 2p⁴
Special feature : Oxygen O₂ is a gas without color, taste or
smell. It dissolves poorly in water, and boils at a
temperature of -183 degrees Celsius. Oxygen in liquid
form is light blue in color, and in solid form the element
forms dark blue crystals.
 FLUORINE
• Symbol : F
• Atomic number : 9
• Mass number : 18.998
• Electronic configuration : 2s2 2p5
• Special feature : Fluorine is an univalent poisonous
gaseous halogen, it is pale yellow-green and it is the
most chemically reactive and electronegative of all the
elements
 NEON
• Symbol : NE
• Atomic number : 10
• Mass number : 20.180
• Electronic configuration : 2s²2p⁶
• Special feature : Neon gas is used primarily to light up
glass tubes in advertising displays
 SODIUM
• Symbol : NA
• Atomic number : 11
• Mass number : 22.990
• Electronic configuration : 3s¹
• Special feature : It's a soft metal, reactive and with a low
melting point, with a relative density of 0,97 at 20ºC
(68ºF). From the commercial point of view, sodium is
the most important of all the alkaline metals.
 MAGNESIUM
• Symbol : MG
• Atomic number : 12
• Mass number : 24.305
• Electronic configuration : 3s2
• Special feature : Magnesium is a shiny, silver or gray colored
metal that is light in weight and strong. Th density
of magnesium is 1.738 g/mL, which means the metal will
sink in water, but it is still relatively light weight.
Chemical Properties: Magnesium is a silvery white metal.
 ALUMINIUM
• Symbol : AL
• Atomic number : 13
• Mass number : 26.982
• Electronic configuration : 3s² 3p¹
• Special feature : Very low specific weight.It can be
easily shaped, rolled, drawn, extruded, welded and
therefore it is the ideal metal for construction. ..
 SILICON
• Symbol : SI
• Atomic number : 14
• Mass number : 28.085
• Electronic configuration : 3s² 3p²
• Special feature : Silicon is the most abundant
electropositive element in The Earth's crust. It's a
metalloid with a marked metallic luster and very brittle
 PHOSPHORUS
• Symbol : P
• Atomic number : 15
• Mass number : 30.974
• Electronic configuration :  3s² 3p³
• Special feature : White phosphorus is a highly reactive,
waxy, white-yellow, transparent solid with acrid fumes. It
emits a weak green glow (luminescence) in the presence
of oxygen. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon
disulfide.
 SULFUR
• Symbol : S
• Atomic number : 16
• Mass number : 32.06
• Electronic configuration :  3s² 3p⁴
• Special feature : Pure sulfur is a tasteless, odourless,
brittle solid that is pale yellow in colour, a poor
conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. It reacts
with all metals except gold and platinum
 CHLORINE
• Symbol : CL
• Atomic number : 17
• Mass number : 35.45
• Electronic configuration : 3s² 3p⁵
• Special feature : Chlorine is a toxic gas that irritates the
skin, the eyes and the respiratory
system. Characteristics: Chlorine is a greenish-
yellow, diatomic, dense gas with a sharp smell
 ARGON
• Symbol : AR
• Atomic number : 18
• Mass number : 39.948
• Electronic configuration : 3s² 3p⁶
• Special feature : Argon is the third noble gas, in period 8,
and it makes up about 1% of the Earth's atmosphere.
Argon has approximately the same solubility as oxygen
and it is 2.5 times as soluble in water as nitrogen
 POTASSIUM
• Symbol : K
• Atomic number : 19
• Mass number : 39.098
• Electronic configuration :  4s¹
• Special feature : Potassium metal is soft and white with a
silvery lustre, has a low melting point, and is a good
conductor of heat and electricity. Potassium imparts a
lavender colour to a flame, and its vapour is green.
 CALCIUM
• Symbol : CA
• Atomic number : 20
• Mass number : 40.078
• Electronic configuration : 4s²
• Special feature : Calcium is a silvery-white, soft metal
that tarnishes rapidly in air and reacts with
water. Calcium metal is used as a reducing agent in
preparing other metals such as thorium and uranium.
 SCANDIUM
• Symbol : SC
• Atomic number : 21
• Mass number : 44.956
• Electronic configuration : 3d¹ 4s²
• Special feature : Scandium is considered to be of low
toxicity. Characteristics: Scandium is a soft, light,
silvery-white metal, which becomes slightly tinged with
yellow or pink when exposed to air
 TITANIUM
• Symbol : TI
• Atomic number : 22
• Mass number : 47.867
• Electronic configuration : 3d2 4s2
• Special feature : As a metal, titanium is recognized for its
high strength-to-weight ratio. It is a strong metal with
low density that is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-
free environment), lustrous, and metallic-white in color.
 VANADIUM
• Symbol : V
• Atomic number : 23
• Mass number : 50.942
• Electronic configuration : 3d3 4s2
• Special feature : Vanadium is a bright white, soft, ductile
metal with good structural strength. Vanadium is resistant
to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and
salt water. When present in compounds, vanadium exists
mostly in the oxidation state V.
 CHROMIUM
• Symbol : CR
• Atomic number : 24
• Mass number : 51.996
• Electronic configuration : 3d⁵ 4s¹
• Special feature : Chromium is a lustrous, brittle, hard
metal. Its colour is silver-gray and it can be highly
polished. It does not tarnish in air, when heated it borns
and forms the green chromic oxide
 MANGANESE
• Symbol : MN
• Atomic number : 25
• Mass number : 54.938
• Electronic configuration :  3d5 4s2
• Special feature : Manganese is a pinkinsh-gray, chemically
active element. It is a hard metal and is very brittle. It is
hard to melt, but easily oxidized. Manganese is reactive
when pure, and as a powder it will burn in oxygen, it reacts
with water (it rusts like iron) and dissolves in dilute acids.