AUTOMATIC WATER

LEVEL CONTROLLER
PRESENTED BY :

ARKAJYOTI MITRA(14200318042)
ANKITA BARUA(14200319002)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. SUDIPTA GHOSH
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MEGHNAD SAHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 ACKNOWLDGEMENT
We w o ul d li k e to e x p r e ss ou r s in c e r e r e g a r ds to Pr of . S ud i pt a G ho s h , &
M r. Kam al en d u L a ng a l,D ep a r t m en t o f E le c tr on i cs an d C om mu n ic a ti o n
E n gi n ee r i ng , M eg h n ad S ah a In s ti tu te o f Te c h no l o gy fo r t he i r g ui d an c e ,
v a l ua b le a d v ic e a n d c on s tr uc t iv e s u g ge s ti o ns for c a r r y i n g o ut th is pr o je c t.

We w o ul d l i ke to r ec o r d o ur i n de b te dn e s s t o D r. M a na s h C h an d a
H O D , D ep a r tm en t o f El e c tr o n ic s a n d C om m u n ic a ti o n En g in ee r in g & Pr of .
S a ja l Sa h a , Pr i n ci p al ,M e g hn a d S a ha In s ti tu te of Te ch n o lo g y for p r ov i di n g
m e w ith th e s up p o r t th at w e n e ed e d .

We w ou l d a l s o li k e t o t h an k a ll fa c u lt y m em b e r s o f E .C .E de p a r tm e nt ,
M S IT f or th e ir v a lu a bl e s ug g e s tio n d u r in g t he c o u r s e o f ou r w o r k .

F in a ll y, ou r s i nc e r e t ha n k s go to o u r p ar en ts fo r th e ir e n c o ur ag e m en t a nd
s u p p or t d u r i ng t hi s w or k.
 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
WORKING PRINPLE
COMPONENTS
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
1. Circuit description
2. Circuit diagram
3. Flow chart
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCES 
 OBJECT

The objective of the project is to measure the

level of water in the tank and notify the user about
the water level.
 INTRODUCTION
The concept we have used here in our project where the water motor pump is automatically turned on when

the water level in the respective tank becomes low. Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is utilized to estimate

distance in the range of 2cm-400cm with an accuracy of 3mm. The sensor module includes an ultrasonic

transmitter, receiver as well as control circuit. In this Arduino based automatic water level indicator and

controller project, the water level is being measured by using ultrasonic sensors. In “Automatic Water Level

Indicator and Controller using Arduino” project, the water is being measured by using ultrasonic sensors.

Initially, the tank is considered to be empty. The motor pump is automatically turned ON when the water level

becomes low and turned OFF when the tank is full.

 WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The working principle of water level controllers works on a very simple fundamental rule. They work by

using sensor probes to indicate the level of water in a storage tank. An alarm or an indicator is triggered

when these probes send information to the control panel. The Control panel can be programmed to turn

on the pump automatically in order to refill the water again.

• 1. When the water level is full – nothing happens .

• 2. When the water level drops to the reference probe – an alarm is triggered .

• 3. Fill start gets triggered automatically to turn the water on and fill the tank.

• 4. Once the water is filled to the optimum level, fill stop is triggered and automatically the system stops

the pump.

• 5. The system resets itself and waits for the water level to drop again in order to become active.
 COMPONENTS
• ARDUINO
• VERO BOARD
• TRANSFORMER (12-0-12)
• DIODE (1N4007)
• CAPACITOR (2200MFD,25V)
• RELAY (12V)
• RESISTOR (10K)
• RESISTOR (47K)
• RESISTOR (2.2K)
 COMPONENTS
• 14 PIN BASE IC
• 4 PIN BASE IC
• OPTOCOUPLER (PC817)
• TRANSISTOR (BD139)
• OP-AMP (LM324)
• 5 COLOUR WIRE
• 2 PIN POWER CORD
• LED (red, green)
• FLOAT SENSOR
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
PC817 IC
•PC817 IC :-
It is an optocoupler that includes a phototransistor and an IR diode.
In various circuits, filters play a key role to remove the noise .
When the circuit including resistor and capacitor always eliminates the noise from the
incoming signal however the resistor & value capacitor frequently depends on the
inward signal.
In the circuit of PC817 optocoupler, the IR gets the noisy signal from one part and
transmits it to another using the IR signal so that it performs based on the design of the
circuit.
PC817 IC includes an LED & a phototransistor which are connected jointly optically. The
signal can be transmitted optically in between an i/p and an o/p side without any
physical connection.
To any microcontroller or any DC device with less voltage, it can be connected directly.
From every face of this IC, the input voltages will have a similar effect; it will simply
transmit the signal toward the receiver. After that, the receiver will provide the logic
signal like an output. This IC has several uses because of its tiny size & control
operation.
 BD139 TRANSISTOR
It is a NPN complementary low voltage NPN transistor
in 3 pin SOT-32 package. This device is designed for
audio amplifiers and drivers utilizing complementary
or quasi-complementary circuits.

• Products are pre-selected in DC current gain.

• Collector to emitter voltage (Vce) is 80V.
• Collector current (Ic) is 1.5A.
• Power dissipation (Pd) is 12.5W.
• Collector to emitter saturation voltage of 500mV at
0.5A collector current.
• DC current gain (hFE) of 25 at 0.5A collector current.
• Operating junction temperature range from 150°C.
 TRANSFORMER
 12-0-12 Transformer is a power Transformer with primary
winding rated for suitable supply voltage, and secondary
winding has a centre tap.

 The secondary winding has 3 terminals, 2 terminals for end

to end and a 3rd terminal as centre tap.

 Across end to end the voltage will be 24 V where as across

one end to centre tap the voltage will be 12 V.

 Centre tap Transformers are used for obtaining full wave

rectified DC voltage using 2 diodes.
 DIODE
1N4007 Diode ->
 It is a Rectifier Diode with moulded plastic case.
 The rectifier diode has high current capability and low forward
voltage drop. Diffused Junction. High Current Capability and Low
Forward Voltage Drop. Low Reverse Leakage Current.
 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
 The LM324 series consists of four independent,
high gain, internally frequency compensated
operational amplifiers which were designed
specifically to operate from a single power supply
over a wide range of voltages.
 Operation from split power supplies is also
possible and low supply current drain is
independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage.
 Application areas include transducer amplifiers,
DC gain blocks and all the conventional op-amp
circuits which now can be more easily implemented
in single power supply systems.
 CAPACITOR
 2200uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor is a high quality electrolytic
capacitor which offers long life and high reliability.
 Electrolytic Capacitors are most commonly used type of capacitors
in Electronic Circuits.
 Electrolytic Capacitors have 2 Polars - Positive and Negative.
 FLOAT SENSOR
 When the water level is high,the floating ball rises and the pump stops working.
 When the water level is low, the floating ball sinks.
 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION :-
FLOW CHART
HARDWARE DESIGN
 VIDEO
CLIP

VID-20220126-WA0050.mp4
Advantages of the Project :-
 The pumping system is fully automatic, hence required no human
attenstion.
 Dry run-out Protection.
 Low cost.

Limitations of the Project :-

 Ultrasonic sensor is normally ON hence requires continuous power

supply.
 Program modification is required for different tanks.
 External power is required for circuit.
 CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION
As stated through the previous column of our project work, out aim
was to solve the problem of manually turning ON/OFF of water
pumping system and to eliminate the water overflow from the tank.
Our project “Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller Using
Arduino” is solution to eradicate this problem. The circuit used in our
project automatically controls the water pump and indicates the
water volume in the tank.

Therefore “Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller Using

Arduino” project can definitely be useful on a large scale basis due to
minimum requirement, and also the installation process being easier
making more compatible for everyone to use.
 FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of this project includes implementation
in a multi-storied building and with multiple pumping
systems and tanks.

REFERENCES :-
1. https://www.electroicshub.org
2. Wikipidia.
3. https://www.arduino.cc
4. https://www.youtube.com
Thank You