B3 CHARACTERISTICS

GROUP 1
2018
 Outline
• Definition of hazardous wastes or materials
• Classification methods and analysis of potential
hazards from hazardous wastes or materials in
Indonesia
• Reasoning of why specific characteristics are used in
the classification of hazardous wastes or materials
• Examples of hazardous wastes or materials

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What is hazardous material or
waste?

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 Definition Hazardous Materials
• According to Government Regulation (PP) 74/2001, Hazardous
and Toxic Materials, which may be abbreviated as HTM, is any
substance, energy, and/or other component which due to its
nature, concentration, and/or quantity can directly or
indirectly, contaminate, damage the environment, and/or
endanger the environment, health, and lives of man and other
living creatures.

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 Definition Hazardous waste
• US EPA begins by defining hazardous waste as a “solid” waste.
• According to PP 101/2014, Hazardous and toxic waste, which may
further be referred to as Hazardous Waste or HW, is the waste from a
venture and/or activity that contains hazardous materials.
• HW can originate from different sources, from manufacturing to
domestic waste, and may come in many forms, like solids, liquids,
gases, or sludge.

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Classification of hazardous
wastes and materials in
Indonesia

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 Pengelompokkan b3 di indonesia
• According to PP 74/2001, HW is classified into:
• explosive;
• oxidizing;
• extremely flammable;
• highly flammable;
• flammable;
• extremely toxic;
• highly toxic;
• moderately toxic;
• harmful;
• corrosive;
• irritant;
• dangerous to environment;
• carcinogenic;
• teratogenic;
• mutagenic.

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 Explosive

• Explosive materials are materials that, at normal temperature and

pressure (25oC, 760 mmHg) can explose or react into a high
pressure and temperature gas that can damage its surrounding
environments.
• Testing can be done with Diffrential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) or
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). These tests will provide what is
called a heating temperature, and if it's higher than the standard
then the material/waste is classified as explosive.
• Explosive materials can cause fires that can cause loss of lives or
serious injuries, and major losses for the company.
• Examples: Ammonium nitrate, nitrocellulose, TNT, Asetil Peroxide,
Cumene peroxide, parasetate acid, Dibenzoil peroxide.

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 oxidizing
• Pengoksidasi merupakan suatu bahan yang dapat
melepaskan banyak panas atau menimbulkan api ketika
bereaksi dengan bahan kimia lainnya, terutama bahan-
bahan yang sifatnya mudah terbakar meskipun dalam
keadaan hampa udara
• Tests of solid materials are carried out by a burning test
using ammonium persulfate as the standard compound. As
for liquid materials, the standard compound used is a
solution of nitric acid. A material is expressed as an oxidizer
when the combustion time of the material is equal to or
shorter than the standard compound burning time.
• Examples: Ammonium nitrate, nitrocellulose, TNT, Asetil
Peroxide, Cumene peroxide, parasetate acid, Dibenzoil
peroxide.
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 Flammable
• Materials that easily react with oxygen and
can cause a fire. Rapid inflammation reactions
can also cause an explosion.
• Flammable materials are classified into:
– Flammable
– Highly flammable
– Extremely flammable

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 Flammable
– A Liquid containing less than 24% alcohol by
volume, and has a flash point ≤ 60 ° C (140 °
Fahrenheit), that can light up when it comes in
contact with fire, sparks, or other sources of
ignition, at a pressure of 760 mmHg.
– If solids, at standard temperature and pressure
easily lead to fires
– Examples: benzene solvent, toluene, aseton, petrol,
butanol, chlorobenzene, carbon disuliphide and di-
iso-propylane.

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 Highly Flammable
– Solids or liquids which have a flash point of 0 ° C - 21
° C.
– Example: acetone and sodium metal that is often
used in laboratories as solvent and drying agents.

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 Extremely flammable
– A solid or liquid having a flash point below 0 ° C and
a boiling point lower or equal to 35 ° C.
– Examples: dietil eter and propane.

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 Toxic
• Toxic material is waste that has or contain substances that are toxic to
humans or animals.
• Can cause poisoning, illness, or death either through contact with
respiratory, skin, or mouth.
• Toxic classification based on PP 74 of 2001 and examples:
• extremely toxic : Magnesium
• highly toxic : kalium sianida, hydrogen sulfide nitrobenzene, and atripin
• moderately toxic: kalium sianida, hydrogen sulfide nitrobenzene and
atripin
• Tabel 1 Toxic classifications based on PP 74/2001
Urutan Kelompok LD50 (mg/kg)
1 Extremely toxic (amat sangat beracun)   ≤1
2 Highli toxic (sangat beracun) 1 – 50
3 Moderately toxic (beracun) 51 – 500
4 Slighly toxic (agak beracun) 501 – 5.000
5 Practically non-toxic (praktis tidak beracun) 5001 – 15.000 14
 Harmful
• Solid, liquid and gaseous substances which
may cause harm to health to a certain extent
through inhalation or oral contact.

Can enter through oral causing circulatory

problems, and can lead to heart failure

  Example: Chloroform

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 Corrosive
• According to PP 74/2001, corrosive material
has characteristic of causing irritation to the
skin, causing dust on steel, having pH ≥ 2
(acidic) and pH ≥ 12.5 (if alkaline).
Examples: sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide.

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 irritant
• solids and liquids in case of direct contact, and if
kept in constant contact with the skin or
mucous membranes can cause inflammation
and irritation.
Example:
  - Solid irritants: Sodium hydroxide, sodium
silicate, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide
-Liquid irritants: Sulfuric acid, nitric acid,
hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid.

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 Dangerous to the Environment
• Can damage the ozone layer due to the use of
Freon, persistent in the environment (eg
PCBs), or the material can damage the
environment.

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 carcinogenic
• Materials that can damage body cells and
cause cancer.
• Examples: asbestos, dioxins and dioxin-like
compounds, benzene, kepone residing in DDT.

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 Teratogenic
• The properties of the material may affect the
formation and growth of the embryo.
• Examples: Amphetamine, Hallucinogen, Marihuana,
Meperidine, Alpharodin, Pentotal, Prometazine,
Anasthetics Perforation, Local Anasthetics,
Sympatomimetic Compounds, Serotonin,

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 Mutagenic
• materials that can cause changes in
chromosomes that can alter genetics
• Examples: Pesticides, Sodium nitrite and nitric
acid commonly used to preserve meat.

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 When is a waste classified as HW
according to Indonesian regulations?

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 HW Classification Methods
DIATUR DALAM PP 101/2014

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX I
• When listed in APPENDIX I, B3 waste based on
its sources consists of:
a. B3 waste from unspecified sources,
b. Wastes from expired b3 materials, spills, or
otherwise does not meet the product
specifications to be discarded, and the former
packaging of said materials.
c. B3 waste from a specific source:
- B3 waste from a general-specific source
- B3 waste from specific specific sources
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• If B3 waste is listed in Appendix I, it can be
identified as:
• Category 1 -> a direct impact on human health
• Category 2 -> impact on the environment

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX I
B3 waste from non-specific sources:
• Halogenated solvents (12 items - Category 1): Tetrachloroethylene,
etc.
• Non-halogenated solvents (21 items - Category 1): Benzene, etc.
• Acids and Bases (10 items - Category 1): Sulfuric acid, etc.
• Other non-specific (11 items -Category 1):
Contains POPs, asbestos dust (blue, brown, gray), used battery, B3
landfill leachate, Hg contaminated product, lab waste containing B3,
contaminated waste B3, waste of activated carbon waste B3 waste,
refrigerant

• Other non-specific (10 items - Category 2): white asbestos dust, used
lubricant, ion exchange resin, CRT, printed circuit board, wire rubber,
B3 used packaging, sludge IPAL industrial area, APC filter,

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX I
expired B3, spilled B3, B3 that does not meet
specifications, packaging container B3:
• All are chemicals
• There are 376 items that are in category 1

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX I
General Specific Source:
There are 57 types of industries / activities,
waste sources, and descriptions of waste
generated from each of these industries along
with the category of B3 waste (Category 1 or
Category 2).
Examples:

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX I
Special Specific Source:
Derived from industrial activity residues
There are 17 types of waste and also described
the source of waste along with Category of B3
waste (Category 1 or 2).
Example:

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 If waste is not specified on appendix I
• Minister of Environment is required to
conduct tests to identify the characteristics of
the waste as:
a. B3 category 1;
b. B3 category 2;
c. Not B3.

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX II
• The characteristic test for generating a waste
is B3 waste if it has the following
characteristics:
Explosive,
ignitable,
Reactive,
infectious,
corrosive,
and / or toxic.
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 Explosive - E
• Explosive materials are materials that, at
normal temperature and pressure (25oC, 760
mmHg) can explose or react into a high
pressure and temperature gas that can
damage its surrounding environment.

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 Ignitable - I
– A Liquid containing less than 24% alcohol by
volume, and has a flash point ≤ 60 ° C (140 °
Fahrenheit), that can light up when it comes in
contact with fire, sparks, or other sources of
ignition, at a pressure of 760 mmHg.
– Non-liquid waste, which at a standard temperature
and pressure of 25 ° C or 760 mmHg readily flares
through friction, moisture absorption or
spontaneous chemical changes and when flashed
may cause continuous flame.
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 Reactive -R
• Reactive B3 waste is a waste that has one or more of
the following properties:
• Waste that is in normal condition is unstable and can
cause changes without blasting. This waste visually
indicates that there are gas bubbles, smoke, and color
changes;
• Wastes that, when mixed with water, potentially cause
explosion, produce gas, steam, or smoke.
• It is a waste of cyanide, sulfide at pH conditions
between 2 and 12.5 to produce a gas, vapor, or toxic
fumes. This property can be known through qualitative
waste testing.

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 Infectious - x
Solid medical waste contaminated with pathogenic organisms
not routinely present in the environment, and in quantity and
virulence
which is sufficient to transmit disease in humans:
• Derived from patient care that requires isolation of the disease
contagious, laboratory waste;
• Sharp objects such as syringes, intravenous equipment,
Pasteur pipettes, and broken glass;
• Pathology waste tissues from surgery or autopsy process;
• From breeding and stock of infectious material, animal organs
experiments, other ingredients that have been inoculated, infected or
with highly infectious material;
• Cytotoxic waste from contaminated material from administration
cytotoxic drugs for cancer chemotherapy that have
the ability to kill or inhibit cell growth.

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 corrosive - C
• Waste with pH <= 2 or> 12.5. When it is solid,
it is done by mixing with water.
• Wastes that cause a degree of irritation
characterized by redness or erythema and
swelling or edema.

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 Toxic – T
 TCLP Test (Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure)
- B3 waste Category 1: if has a concentration of pollutant greater than
TCLP-A (Appendix III).
- B3 waste Category 2: if has concentrations of contaminants <= TCLP-
A and> TCLP-B (Appendix III).
 LD50 Toxicology Test
- B3 waste Category 1: if has a 7 day oral LD50 value with value <= 50
mg / kg (weight of mice test animal).
- B3 waste category 2: if has 7 day oral LD50 value between 50 mg /
kg to 5000 mg / kg (weight of mice test animal).
 Sub-chronic Test
Category 2 B2 Wastes: if the Sub-chronic test in mice test animals for
90 days shows sub-chronic toxicity, to growth observation,
accumulation or bioconcentration, behavioral response studies
among individual animal animals, and / or histopathologic.

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 PP 101/2014
APPENDIX III
Contains a standard list of TCLP Test:
Inorganic substances: 16 elements
Anion: 6 elements
Organic: 36 elements
Pesticides: 8 elements
Additional parameters: 6 elements
Example:

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HW Characteristic Testing Scheme

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