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Chapter 14
Chapter 14
Chapter 14
1
Frequency Response
Chapter 14
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Transfer Function
14.3 Series Resonance
14.4 Parallel Resonance
14.5 Passive Filters
2
14.1 Introduction (1)
What is FrequencyResponse of a Circuit?
Y( )
H( ) | H( ) |
X( )
4
14.2 Transfer Function (2)
• Four possible transfer functions:
Vo ( ) Vo ( )
H( ) Voltage gain H( ) Transfer Impedance
Vi ( ) Ii ( )
Y( )
H ( ) | H( ) |
X( )
I o ( ) I o ( )
H( ) Current gain H( ) Transfer Admittance
I i ( ) Vi ( )
5
14.2 Transfer Function (3)
Example 1
6
14.2 Transfer Function (4)
Solution:
The phase is tan 1
o
Low Pass Filter
o 1/RC 7
14.2 Transfer Function (5)
Example 2
8
14.2 Transfer Function (6)
Solution:
Vo j L 1
H( )
The transfer function is Vs R j L 1 R
j L
, 1
H ( )
The magnitude is
1 ( o )2
The phase is 90 tan 1
o
o R/L 9
14.3 Series Resonance (1)
Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which
the capacitive and inductive reactance are equal in
magnitude, thereby resulting in purely resistive
impedance.
Resonance frequency:
1
o rad/s or
LC
1
1 fo Hz
Z R j ( L ) 2 LC
C
10
14.3 Series Resonance (2)
11
14.3 Series Resonance (3)
Bandwidth B
The frequency response of the
1
resonance circuit current is Z R j ( L
C
)
Vm
I | I |
R 2 ( L 1 / C) 2
1 (Vm / 2 ) 2 Vm2
P(1 ) P(2 )
2 R 4R
The half-power frequencies can be obtained by setting Z
equal to √2 R.
R R 1 R R 1
1 ( )2 2 ( )2 o 1 2
2L 2L LC 2L 2L LC
Bandwidth B B 2 1
13
14.3 Series Resonance (5)
Peak energy stored in the circuit o L 1
Quality factor, Q
Energy dissipated by the circuit R o CR
in one period at resonance
The relationship R o
between the B, Q B o2 CR
L Q
and ωo:
15
14.4 Parallel Resonance (1)
1 1
Y j ( C )
R L
Resonance frequency:
1 1
o rad/s or f o Hz
LC 2 LC 16
14.4 Parallel Resonance (2)
Summary of series and parallel resonance circuits:
characteristic Series circuit Parallel circuit
ωo 1 1
LC LC
Q ωo L
or
1 R
or o RC
R ωo RC o L
B o o
Q Q
ω1, ω2 1 2 1 2 o
o 1 ( ) o o 1 ( )
2Q 2Q 2Q 2Q
Q ≥ 10, ω1, ω2 o
B
o
B
2 2
17
14.4 Parallel Resonance (3)
Example 4
For the circuit in the figure below, obtain the transfer function
Vo(ω)/Vi(ω). Identify the type of filter the circuit represents
and determine the corner frequency. Take R1=100=R2
and L =2mH.
Answer: 25 krad/s
20