CHAPTER 21

SECOND HOME
COMING AND THE LIGA
FILIPINA
 Rizal bold return in Manila on June 1892 was
his second homecoming
 “ The battlefield is in the Philippines, there is
where we should meet… There we will help
one another”, Rizal told in his countrymen in
Europe
 December 31,1891- Rizal reiterated this belief
in his letter to Blumentritt
“I believe that La Solidaridad is no longer our
battlefield; now it is a new struggle… the fight is
no longer in Madrid”
ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER
 June 26, 1892- Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia
(wife of late Mariano Herbosa) arrived in Manila
 As a meticulous diarist, Rizal describe his second
homecoming as follows:
“I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at
12:00 noon. I was met by many carabineers headed by
a major. There were in addition one captain and one
sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came down with
my luggage and they inspected me at the customhouse.
From there I went to Hotel de Oriente where I
occupied room No. 22, facing the church of Binondo.”
 Governor General Eulogio Despujol- agreed to
pardon Rizal’s Father but not the rest of his
family.
 After meeting the Governor General, he visited
Narcisa (Sisa, wife of Antonio Lopez) and later
Neneng (Saturnina, wife of Mauel T. Hidalgo) in
the city
VISITING FRIENDS IN CENTRAL LUZON
 June 27, 1892- Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban
Station and visited his friends in
Malolos,Bulacan; San Fernando, Pampanga;
Tarlac; and Bacolor, Pampanga
 June 28, 1892- Rizal returned in Manila by train
 Whether Rizal knew it or not, he was shadowed
by government spies who watched carefully his
every movement
OTHER INTERVIEWS WITH DESPUJOL
 This interviews were vividly recorded in his diary
as follows:
 On Wednesday (June 29) at 7:30, I saw his
Excellency. I did not succeed to have the
penalty of exile lifted, but he gave me hope
with regards to my sisters. As it was the feast of
St. Peter and St. Paul our interview ended at
9:15. I was to come again the following day at
7:30
 The following day, Thursday (June 30), we talked
about the question of Borneo. The general was
opposed to it, very much opposed. He told me to
comeback Sunday
 On Sunday (July 3) I returned. We talked about sundry
things and I thanked him for having lifted the exile of
my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would
arrive on the first boat. He asked me if I would like to
go abroad to Hong Kong. I told him yes. He told me to
return on Wednesday.
FOUNDING THE LIGA FILIPINA
 July 3, 1892- Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at
the home of Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo
Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila
 Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a
civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish
and its role in the socio-economic life of the people
 Officers of the new league were elected as
follows:
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Secretary: Deodato Arellano
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevallo
Fiscal: Augustin de la Rosa
CONSTITUTION OF THE LIGA FILIPINA
 The aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its
Constitution, were the following:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and
homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture and
commerce
5. Study and application of reforms
 The motto of the Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar
Omnium (One Like All)
 The governing body of the league was the
Supreme Council which had the jurisdiction over
the whole country
 There was a Provincial Council in every province
and a Popular Council in every town
 All Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their
fatherland are qualified for membership
 Every member pays an entrance fee of two(2)
pesos and a monthly due of ten (10) centavos
 The duties of the Liga members are as follows:
1. Obey the orders of the Supreme Council;
2. To help in recruiting new members;
3. To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga
authorities;
4. To have a symbolic name which he cannot change
until he becomes president of his council;
5. To report to the fiscal anything he may hear which
affects the Liga;
6. To behave well as befits a good Filipino; and
7. To help fellow members in all ways.
RIZAL ARRESTED AND JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO

 July 6, 1892- Rizal went to Malacanang Palace to

resume his series of interviews with Governor General
Despujol
 The incriminatory leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes
(Poor Friars) under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto. They
were a satire against Dominican friars who amassed
fabulous riches contrary to their monastic view of
poverty
 Rizal vigorously denied having those leaflets in either his of
Lucia’s baggage
 Despite his denial, he was placed under arrest and escorted to
Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide of Governor
General Despujol
 In Fort Santiago he was kept incommunicado, as he related in his
diary:
“They assigned me a fairly furnished room with a bed, a
dozen chairs, one table, a wash basin and a mirror. The room
had three windows; one without grills which opens on a patio,
another one with grills which looks out on the city walls and
the beach and another which was the door closed with a
padlock. Two artillery men as sentinels guarded it. They had
orders to fire at anyone who might signal from the beach. I
could not write nor speak at any one except the officer on
duty”
 July 7, 1892- Graceta de Manila published the
story of Rizal’s arrest which produced indignant
commotion among the Filipino people,
particularly the members of the newly organized
Liga Filipina
ARBITRARY DEPORTATION TO DAPITAN
 In the same issue published by Graceta de Manila on
July 7, 1892 contained Governor General Despujol’s
decree deporting Rizal to “one islands in the South”
 The gubernatorial decree gave the reasons for Rizal’s
deportation, as follows:
1. Rizal had published books and articles abroad
which showed disloyalty to Spain and which are
“frankly anti-catholic” and “imprudently anti-friar”
2. A few hours after his arrival in Manila “there was found
in one of the packages… a bundle of handbills entitled
Pobres Friales in which the patient and humble generosity
of the Filipino’s is stirized, and which accusation is
published against the customs of the religious orders”.
3. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the
memory of the “traitors” (Burgos,Gomez and Zamora) and
on the title page he wrote that in view of the vices and
errors of the Spanish administration, “the only revelation
for the Philippines was separation from the mother
country”
4. “The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is
to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasures of our
Holy Catholic Faith”
 July 14, 1892- Rizal was bought under heavy
guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for
Dapitan.
 This steamer under Captain Delgras reached
Dapitan on July 17, 1892
 Capitan Delgras went ashore and handed Rizal
over to Capitan Ricardo Carnicero, a spanish
commandant of Dapitan
 July 17,1892- Rizal began his exile in lonely
Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896, a
period of four (4) years.
 THANK U !!!