Seminar Presentation (Phase - 1) : An Autonomous Institute

An Autonomous Institute
SEMINAR PRESENTATION (PHASE -1)

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 ( B)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC
1
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Belagavi, Karnataka
MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Channasandra , Near ITPB, Bengaluru
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION.
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. SHAMBHAVI TADKAL
Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 2
GEO GRIDS IN
PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
GEOGRIDS
FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
ADVANTAGES
INTRODUCTION
 Environmental factors, subgrade conditions, traffic loading, utility cuts, road widenings, and
aging affect the service life of roads and pavements.
 Roads constructed over loose soil demands higher thickness of granular materials resulting in
high cost of construction.
 The development of geosynthetics in the past three decades has provided the strategies for
enhancing the overall performance of the paved roadways.
 Geosynthetics are the most cost effective tools for safe guarding roads and pavements in these
ways.
 Geogrid a geo synthetic material manufactured from polymers will be usefull for this purpose
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE AND TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
1 Mensur Mulabdic, 2018
Krunoslav Minažek,  Paper deals with the importance of geogrid structure, geometry,
Jelena Kaluđer junctions and mechanical properties of geogrid in relation to granular
material in which they are intended to be installed.
IMPORTANCE OF  The paper has underlined some important aspects of interaction

GEOGRIDS. between soil and geogrids in function of reinforcement and stabilization.
It was stressed out that geogrid type (specific stiffness of geogrid
opening, junction strength, tensile strength) and ratio of geogrid opening
and grain size govern the interaction and beneficial effects that are
expected from geogrid in reinforcing soil.
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME AND RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
2 Martin Ziegler  Geosynthetics are widely used for separation, protection, 2016
drainage, filtration and sealing. In addition, high-strength geogrids
have been more and more successfully used in recent times for the
APPLICATION OF construction of steep slopes and geogrid reinforced bridge
GEOGRID REINFORCED abutments, the crossing of areas with soft soil by using
CONSTRUCTIONS: geosynthetic encased sand columns and the bridging of areas
HISTORY, RECENT AND susceptible to sinkholes.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
 Reinforced constructions show in general an increase in bearing
capacity and a remarkable decrease in displacements if we
compare the reinforced case with the unreinforced one at the
same load.
 Compared to conventional solutions, geogrid reinforced

constructions offers remarkable advantages concerning economic
and ecologic aspects.
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME AND RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
3 Barry R. Christopher  Geosynthetics provide significant improvement in pavement 2019
construction and performance. It illustrates a number of potential
GEOGRIDS IN ROADWAY geosynthetic applications in a layered pavement system to improve
AND PAVEMENT its performance.
SYSTEMS.  The geogrid can also be combined with a geotextile separation layer
to prevent fines from migrating into more open graded base layers
and further enhance the roadway performance through improved
drainage as well as reinforcement.
 This document provides specific design and construction
information for the use of geogrids in subgrade stabilization and in
base reinforcement.
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTICL AUTHOR NAME RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISHE
E AND TITLE D ON
NO. YEAR
4 Fereidoon • Where a pavement is trafficked along a single path or rut, a geogrid 2017.
Moghaddas- can significantly decrease the permanent deformation of the
Nejadand John C. pavement.
Smale • Two different mechanisms associated with the geogrid
reinforcement were recognized, including
• Interlocking with the base layer aggregate and reduction of the
EFFECT OF permanent lateral displacement of the granular material.
GEOGRID • Improvement in load distribution on the subgrade layer due to the
REINFORCEMENT "slab" effect of the base layer and geogrid.
IN MODEL TRACK • In both multiple- and single-track tests, placing the geogrid at the
TESTS ON middle of the base layer was most effective in reducing pavement
PAVEMENTS. settlement (although in the multiple track tests this was marginal)
due to interlocking and lateral movement reduction of the base
material in the region of the reinforcement. This effect may be
dependent on pavement thickness.
GEOGRIDS
 Geosynthetics is defined as “a planar product
manufactured from polymeric material used with soil,
rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related
material”.
 Has steadily increased in both public and private

construction projects.
 It is likely to increase in the future with stricter

environmental regulations enforcement.
Geogrids
 They are open structures formed by bonding

polymer strip at their cross point or
punching.
 They are used to reinforce retaining walls,

sub bases etc. since they have higher ability
to distribute across a large area.
 They are made of polymer materials, such as

polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or
polypropylene.
FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS
 The purpose of geogrid is to retain the aggregates collectively by the

method of interlacing the aggregates.
 It has the following functional mechanisms when applied for pavement

construction:
1. Tension Membrane Effect.
2. Improvement of Bearing Capacity.
3. Lateral Restraining Capability.
4. Avoids mixing of layers.
1. Tension membrane effect.
 This mechanism is based on the concept of

vertical stress distribution.
 This mechanism was initially considered as the

primary mechanism.
 But later studies proved the lateral restraining

mechanism is the major criteria that must be taken
into consideration.
2. Improvement of bearing capacity.
 The Geogrid layer possesses sufficient
frictional resistance that opposes sub grade
lateral movement.
 This improves the bearing capacity of the

layer.
 Reduction of outward stresses means inward

stresses are formed, which is the reason
behind the increase in bearing capacity.
3. Lateral restraining capability.
 The Geogrid act a restraint against this lateral movement of the aggregates produced
by wheel loadings over the pavement.
4.Avoids mixing of layers
Geosynthetics is sandwiched between aggregate base course

and subgrade material.
It prevents mixing of the two layers, aggregate loss and
pumping.
Installation procedures
ADVANTAGES
 Reduces the intensity of stress on the subgrade.
 Prevents the base aggregate from penetrating

into the subgrade.
 Prevents subgrade fines from pumping.
 Reduces the thickness of aggregate required to

stabilize the subgrade.
 Reduces the differential settlement of the

roadway.
 Reduces maintenance and extending the life of

the pavement.
CONCLUSION
The future of geosynthetic material is very bright .
The use of geosynthetics significantly reduces civil engineering

construction costs and drastically extends the life of any road
construction.
Geosynthetics have flexibility, making them better and more economical

than any other building materials.
MVJ College of Engineering
Near ITPB, Whitefield
Bangalore-560 067
M: principalengg@mvjce.edu.in
Thank You
P: +91 80 4299 1040

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An Autonomous Institute

SEMINAR PRESENTATION (PHASE -1)

MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

IMPORTANCE OF  The paper has underlined some important aspects of interaction

 Compared to conventional solutions, geogrid reinforced

 Has steadily increased in both public and private

 It is likely to increase in the future with stricter

 They are open structures formed by bonding

 They are used to reinforce retaining walls,

 They are made of polymer materials, such as

 The purpose of geogrid is to retain the aggregates collectively by the

 It has the following functional mechanisms when applied for pavement

1. Tension Membrane Effect.

2. Improvement of Bearing Capacity.

3. Lateral Restraining Capability.

4. Avoids mixing of layers.

 This mechanism is based on the concept of

 This mechanism was initially considered as the

 But later studies proved the lateral restraining

 This improves the bearing capacity of the

 Reduction of outward stresses means inward

Geosynthetics is sandwiched between aggregate base course

 Prevents the base aggregate from penetrating

 Prevents subgrade fines from pumping.

 Reduces the thickness of aggregate required to

 Reduces the differential settlement of the

 Reduces maintenance and extending the life of

The future of geosynthetic material is very bright .

The use of geosynthetics significantly reduces civil engineering

Geosynthetics have flexibility, making them better and more economical

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