FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)

Subject: Innovation and Entrepreneurship (203100357)

Semester: 6th Semester

Topic: Innovation and entrepreneurship, Contributions of entrepreneurs to

the society, covers the various stages of setting up and growing an
entrepreneurial firm.
Design Thinking for Innovation
“Most people make the mistake of thinking
design is what it looks like. People think it’s
this veneer – that the designers are handed
this box and told, ‘Make it look good!’ That’s
not what we think design is. It’s not just what
it looks like and feels like.
Design is how it works.”
WHAT WILL YOU LEARN TODAY!

 What is an Innovation?
 An Introduction to Design Thinking
 How to develop an empathetic approach to problem solving
 Transform ideas into products, services or experiences that create value
 Learn how to seek innovation opportunities 
What is an Innovation?
“The process of translating an idea or invention
into a product or service that creates value.”
DESIGN THINKING?
DESIGN THINKING

 Human - Centered Design  Design Thinking

Creative approach for problem solving that It’s a methodology that utilizes a human-
focuses in understanding the people’s needs centered approach to systematically identify
at the center of the issues to resolve opportunities for innovation
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE IDEATE PROTOTYPE TEST

1 2 3 4 5
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE

1
 DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
1 Empathize:
Conduct research in order to develop knowledge about what your users do, say, think, and feel.

o Interviews
o Shadowing
o Seek to Understand
o Non - Judgmental
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE

1 2
 DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
2 Define:

Combine all your research and observe where your users’ problems exist. In pinpointing your users’
needs, begin to highlight opportunities for innovation.

o Personas
o Role Objectives
o Decisions
o Challenges
o Pain Points
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE IDEATE

1 2 3
 DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
3 Ideate:

Brainstorm a range of crazy, creative ideas that address the unmet user needs identified in the define phase.
Give yourself and your team total freedom; no idea is too farfetched and quantity supersedes quality.

o Share Ideas
o All idea Worthy
o Diverge/Converge
o “Yes and” Thinking
o Prioritize
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE IDEATE PROTOTYPE

1 2 3 4
 DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
4 Prototype:
Build real, tactile representations for a subset of your ideas. The goal of this phase is to understand
what components of your ideas work, and which do not. In this phase you begin to weigh the impact
vs. feasibility of your ideas through feedback on your prototypes.

o Mockups
o Storyboards
o Keep it Simple
o Fail Fast
o Iterate Quickly
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE IDEATE PROTOTYPE TEST

1 2 3 4 5
 DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
5 Test:

Return to your users for feedback. Ask yourself ‘Does this solution meet users’ needs?’ and ‘Has it
improved how they feel, think, or do their tasks?’

o Understand Impediments
o What Works?
o Role Play
o Iterate Quickly
DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

EMPATHIZE DEFINE IDEATE PROTOTYPE TEST

DESIGN THINKING PROCESS
IBM DESIGN THINKING MODEL
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

Worldwide, about 15 million

premature babies are born every
year and the most common
preventable cause of infant
mortality is hypothermia.
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

The team ended up with a

novel, innovative solution—
but they never would’ve arrived
there if they remained within
the
bubble of Stanford’s campus.
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

They needed empathy to see the

problem clearly from the perspective of
hospital staff, doctors, and most importantly,
EMPATHIZE parents of the child in danger.

1
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
Initially, the design team
thought redesigning existing
hospital incubators to be
simpler and more cost
effective would be the easiest
solution.
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
Team member Linus Liang
toured a hospital in Nepal,
he noticed something
strange—the
incubators were sitting
empty.
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
After interviewing a doctor
about this, he learned that many homes
where these babies
were born were 45 or more Kms away on
rough rural roads,
and that the parents faced the fight for
their babies’ lives at
home, without much hope of making it to
a hospital.
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

DEFINE

2
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
They decided to design
something to help babies at
home: a portable incubator,
much like a tiny, heated sleeping
bag.

IDEATE

3
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

PROTOTYPE

4
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION

TEST

5
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
They formed a company based on this
product, grew it to 90
people, and have helped over 3,000
babies.

http://embraceglobal.org/
DESIGN THINKING IN ACTION
Embrace Co-
Founders From Left to
Right: Naganand
Murty, Linus Liang,
Rahul Panicker, Jane
Chen, Razmig
Hovaghimian (not
pictured)
 WHAT IS DESIGN-DRIVEN INNOVATION?
 Design-driven innovation is an approach to innovation based on the observation that people do
not just purchase products, or services, they buy ‘meaning’ – where users’ needs are not only
satisfied by form and function, but also through experience (meaning).
 A product or service can hold meaning by embodying goals, skills and shaping the identity of
its users.
 Key to successful design-driven innovation is ‘interpretation’, a three-stage process which
utilizes the interpreter’s ability to understand and influence how people give meaning to
things:
 Listening
 Interpreting
 Addressing
TRIZ – THE THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM
SOLVING?
 TRIZ, also known as the theory of inventive problem solving, is a technique that fosters
invention for project teams who have become stuck while trying to solve a business challenge.
It provides data on similar past projects that can help teams find a new path forward.
 TRIZ is the Russian acronym for the "Theory of Inventive Problem Solving," an international
system of creativity developed in the U.S.S.R. between 1946 and 1985, by engineer and
scientist Genrich S. Altshuller and his colleagues.
 According to TRIZ, universal principles of creativity form the basis of innovation. TRIZ
identifies and codifies these principles, and uses them to make the creative process more
predictable.
 In other words, whatever problem you're facing, somebody, somewhere, has already solved it
(or one very like it). Creative problem solving involves finding that solution and adapting it to
your problem.
TRIZ – THE THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM
SOLVING?
The Key TRIZ Tools

Let's look at two of the central concepts behind TRIZ: generalizing problems and solutions, and eliminating
contradictions.

1. Generalizing Problems and Solutions

The primary findings of TRIZ research are as follows:

• Problems and solutions are repeated across industries and sciences. By representing a problem as a
"contradiction" (we explore this later in this article), you can predict creative solutions to that problem.
• Patterns of technical evolution tend to repeat themselves across industries and sciences.
• Creative innovations often use scientific effects outside the field where they were developed.
2. Eliminating Contradictions

Another fundamental TRIZ concept is that there are fundamental contradictions at the root of most
problems. In many cases, a reliable way to solve a problem is to eliminate these contradictions.

TRIZ recognizes two categories of contradictions:

1. Technical contradictions. These are classical engineering "trade-offs," where you can't reach the
desired state because something else in the system prevents it. In other words, when something gets better,
something else automatically gets worse. For example:
• The product gets stronger (good), but the weight increases (bad).
• Service is customized to each customer (good), but the service delivery system gets complicated (bad).
• Training is comprehensive (good), but it keeps employees away from their assignments (bad).
DOUBLE DIAMOND THEORY
 Its a powerful technique that can improve your design process, product development process, and provide a
framework for practical design methods, such as user diaries, journey mapping, and Persona profiling.
 The creative process is usually complicated, which makes it hard to capture it in a simple way, and the
Double Diamond can help simplify it and make it appear a little less mysterious.
 Viability
+ Desirability
+ Feasibility

Ability to work Ability to be

And survive Ability to feel good
conveniently done
Feasibility
+ Viability
Viability
+ Desirability
How to ensure three elements -
Viability, Desirability and
Feasibility
Discover Define Develop Deliver
Empathise Insights Concept Validation
Understand Prototype Implementation
Problem
Ideate Testing Improvement
Hear
+ Creat
e + Deliver
Discover Define Develop Deliver
Empathise Insights Concept Validation
Understand Prototype Implementation
Problem Testing Improvement
Ideate
 C C
on on
g ing ve
in ve g
er
g rg iv er rg
in
v
Di in
g D g

Di Di
ve ng ve in
g
r rgi r g
gi
ng v e gi v er
n ng n
Co Co
 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

Attach sheets in the

pattern above.

Define Develop
Discover Interpret Your Findings
Find Meaning
Indetify Themes
Brainstorm

Jam/charrete
Immerson Tell Stories Designing
Sort + Condense Visual
Questionnaires
Define insights Tactile
Interviews Self - Frame Oppurtinities Experimential
Documentation Set ‘Design Sketching
Meetings Usern Challenging’ Graphic
Recording

g
Exprerience

Co

in
g

rg
nv
in

ve
-Observations

rg

er

Di
ve

gi
Di

ng
areas based on via,feasi,
+ secondary research

+ Findings to Insights
Patterns in Findings

Deduce opportunity

Formulate Problem

Validate ideas
P h ase Work

Statements
desi model

Ideate an d
Primary
Unstructured Research

hypothetical questions
Problem Statement

Selected ideas an d
HMW Questions

about them
P has e Output
 Define Develop Evolve
Interpret Your Findings Brainstorm Track Learnings
Find Meaning Celebrate Achievement
Indetify Themes Jam/charrete Plan Next Steps
Tell Stories Designing Building Partnerships

Co
Sort + Condense Visual Engaging Others

nv
Define insights Tactile Scale-Up

er
gi
Frame Oppurtinities Experimential Deepen Roots

ng
Set ‘Design Sketching Remind People what Changed
Challenging’ Graphic (even if changes are subtle)
Recording

g
Build Network

in
Co

rg
nv

ve
er

Di
gi
ng
areas based on via,feasi,
Deduce opportunity

Formulate Problem

Create, test, low

Implementation
Validation and
Validate ideas
Statements

Iteration x2

Final design
desi model

Ideate and

prototype

solution
fidelity

design
12

hypothetical questions
Problem Statement

Solution: Prototype
Selected ideas and

testing video and

HMW Questions

Deliver
about them

summary
Making + doing
Role-Play
Prototyping
Storytelling
Pitch Document
Get Feedback
Capture
Learning
Define Success
Discover Define Develop Deliver
Empathise Insights Concept Validation
Understand Prototype Implementation
Problem Testing Improvement
Ideate

Unstructured Research Problem Statement Selected Ideas Solution Video

Who, Why, What, HMW Statement Via, Feasi, Desi criteria Prototype testing video
When, Where Supporting Insights Hypothetical Questions Summary for Business
Proof
LET’S GO
WILL DO INNOVATION!
o Each of you need to design an Innovative mask for one of your relative/friend/loved once

o Recall the Process of Design Thinking for Preparing Mask

Take Few Minutes for each step:

1. Empathise
2. Define
3. Ideate
4. Prototype
5. Test
CASE STUDIES OF DESIGN
THINKING
 https://theaccidentaldesignthinker.com/2017/09/16/40-design-
thinking-success-stories/
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)

Subject: Innovation and Entrepreneurship (203100357)

Semester: 6th Semester

Topic: Innovation and entrepreneurship, Contributions of entrepreneurs to

the society, covers the various stages of setting up and growing an
entrepreneurial firm.