Environment and Safety

55-601443

INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE

Lecture 1

Dr. Abhishek Asthana

FIET, FEI, FHEA, CEng, PhD, MRes, MEng, BEng
Director of Hallam Energy
Energy Engineering
a.asthana@shu.ac.uk
4103 Sheaf Building
 Introduction
Industry needs to operate Sustainably and Safely

Beirut Explosion 4 August 2020

Climate Change
 Meet the Team
Dr Abhishek Asthana
Module Leader
Environment and Sustainability
Dr Mukesh Goel
Instructor
Industrial Safety

Andrew Piearcey
Guest Lecturer
Air Pollution Workshop

Kirollus Tamer
Guest Lecturer
LCA, ISO 14001
3
Energy Sources
TOPICS

Coal

Oil & Gas

Alternative
Nuclear Fuels
Pollution
TOPICS
Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Soil Pollution

Noise Pollution
Environment
TOPICS

ISO 14001

Life Cycle Assessment

(LCA)
Environment
TOPICS
CCUS – Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage
Safety
TOPICS

HAZOP – Hazard and Operability Study

Safety
TOPICS

Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis

9
Safety
TOPICS

ALARP – As Low as Reasonably Practicable

10
Safety
TOPICS
COMAH – Control of Major Accident Hazards

NEBOSH

11
Safety
TOPICS

Risk Assessment
PINCH Analysis
TOPICS
Case Studies
TOPICS
Cement Glass and
Ceramics

Chemical
Paper &
Manufacturing
Pulp

Iron & Batteries

Steel
Module's Blackboard Site

15
 Assessment
Assessment Weighting Date Set Submission Feedback
Deadline Date

Assignment: 40 % S1
Safety
Assignment: 60 % S2
Environment
 Need for Sustainability
• Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
 Driver Categories
• Energy Demand: population increase, lifestyle,
industrialisation, demand variation over time
• Resource Availability: dwindling resources
• Environmental: climate change, biodiversity, health,
waste mgmt, nuclear waste, damage to eco system
by mining
• Legislative: Kyoto Protocol, Paris COP21, EU Targets,
ETS, CRC
• Financial: renewable heat incentive, govt bonds, feed
in tariffs, pvt & govt investment
• Autonomy: energy security
• Public Profile
 Driver Categories
• Energy Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
 Energy Demand

UK Electricity Supply: 378.5 TWh/y

 Driver Categories
• Energy Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
Energy Resources Availability
 Resource Availability

It has been estimated that there are over 847 billion tonnes of
proven coal reserves worldwide. At current rates of production,
coal would last 118 years. In contrast, proven oil and gas
reserves are equivalent to around 46 and 59 years at current
production levels.
 Lifetime of Reserve
Q. How long does a reserve last?
A.Depends upon
i. How much there is

ii. How quickly we use it (demand)

Factors which determine the demand for a particular resource:

iii. Demographics

iv. Productivity and lifestyle

v. Commodity prices
 Driver Categories
• Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
 Green House Effect and Climate Change
What is it? Its consequences

Global
Short wavelength (high frequency) radiations escape Warming
Long wavelength (low frequency) radiations are trapped
Is it real?
 Carbon Footprint

 What is Carbon Footprint?

 How to measure it?

Measured by undertaking a
GHG emissions assessment
 Quantifying Carbon Emissions
Standard Methods
• ISO 14064
• PAS 2050 [BSI]

Others
• Many other on-line
calculators of carbon
footprint, e.g. Carbon Trust
 Driver Categories
• Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
 The Kyoto Protocol
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change):
 International environmental treaty
 Stabilization of GHG concentrations in the atmosphere
 Prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system

Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC for combating global warming

 Initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan
 Enforced on 16 February 2005
 Currently 192 states have signed and ratified the protocol
 Biggest emissions?
United States: signed but not ratified, responsible for 36% of the 1990 emissions

a legally binding international agreement

 Legislation
• Renewables Obligation (2002):
Places an obligation on licensed electricity suppliers in the
United Kingdom to source an increasing proportion of
electricity from renewable sources
Year Renewable Target
2002/03 3%
2010/11 11%
2015/16 15 %

Recent Legislation
• Energy Act became a law on 18th December 2013.
• The new “GREEN DEAL” launched in Jan 2013
 Driver Categories
• Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile
 ROC Penalties

Q. N-Power generated 95 TWh of electricity in 2008 of which only 4 % was from

renewable sources. Calculate the fine they would have to pay for the shortfall.
 Climate Change Levy
A tax in the UK to provide an incentive to increase energy efficiency and to
reduce carbon emissions
 Non-domestic energy users except transport
 Electricity from new renewables and approved cogeneration schemes is not taxed
 Electricity from nuclear is taxed even though it causes no direct carbon emissions
 RATES AT LAUNCH
 Electricity: 0.430 p/kWh The levy increases
 Mains Gas 0.150 p/kWh with inflation
 LPG 1.050 p/kg

PRESENT RATES
Electricity 0.541 p/kWh
Mains Gas 0.188 p/kWh
LPG 1.210 p/kg
Any other "taxable commodity" 1.429 p/kg
 Driver Categories
• Demand
• Resource Availability
• Environmental
• Legislative
• Financial
• Autonomy
• Public Profile