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Exam 3 Histology
Review

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Pharynx
- Epithelium: Mostly
pseudostratified, ciliated
epithelium except swallowing
areas have non-keratinizing,
stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina Propria: elastic fibers,
mucous glands, diffuse lymphatic
tissue
- Tonsillar tissue: lymph nodules
aggregates
- Post and Lateral walls: skeletal
muscle

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Larynx: Master title style
Epiglottis

• Epithelium – stratified
squamous epithelium
• Has an elastic cartilage core
• Mucous glands

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Larynx: TrueMaster title style
Vocal Folds

• Epithelium: stratified squamous

epithelium
• Lamina Propria: No lymphatic vessels

• Subglottic larynx: covered

pseudostratified, ciliated epitelium

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Larynx: FalseMaster
Vocal title
Fold style

• Epithelium – Pseudostratified columnar

epithelium
• Glands – submucosal salivary glands,
seromucous
• Metaplasia – from pseudostratified
to stratified squamous epithelium in
smokers

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Trachea

• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

Contains ciliated cells, mucous cells, brush
cells, small granule cells, basal cells

• Layers:
• Mucosa: contains epithelium, lamina propria
• Submucosa: loose CT, secretory glands
• Cartilage – C shaped hyaline cartilage body
• Adventitia

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Bronchi

• Epithelium – pseudostratified columnar

epithelium
• Lamina Propria – irregular hyaline
cartilage blocks

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Bronchioles

• Epithelium changes from

pseudostratified to simple columnar
to simple cuboidal as you go from
bronchi to bronchioles
• Epithelium lacks glands and goblet
cells but make Clara Cells, makes
surface-active agent CC16
• Circular layer of smooth muscle

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Alveoli

• Epithelium:
• 95% lining is type I alveolar cells, gas
exchange happens here, flat, simple
squamous epithelium
• Type II alveolar cells are dome-
shaped, have microvilli and release
surfactant

- Alveoli are surrounded by capillary

beds
- Air-blood barrier: Type 1 alveolar
cells, basal lamina, capillary
endothelium

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Lung: edit Master
arteries title style
and veins
Artery: Thicker wall, always travel with Vein
airways

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Thyroid GlandMaster title style

• Follicle Type gland where secretory products are

store in a follicle
• Gland is divided into lobules which contain many
spherical follicles.
• Follicles are surrounded by follicle cells that appear
as simple cuboidal or simple columnar epithelium,
you can tell that the follicles are active if it appears
as columnar epithelium
• Colloid: made up of thyroglobulin, the storage form
of T3, T4 hormones. Pale colloid – active follicles.
Eosinophilic colloid – inactive follicles
• C cells or Parafollicular cells: only 0.1% of gland,
make calcitonin

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Parathyroid

• Clump and Cord Glands: usually 4

parathyroid glands, 2 R/L symmetric pairs
• Contain adipose tissue which increases with
age
• Principal Cells/ Chief cells: major cell type.
Small, basophilic cells that make parathyroid
hormone
• Oxyphil cells: larger than chief cells,
eosinophilic cytoplasm, no secretory
granules
• Oxyphil cells first appear at puberty as
isolate cells, by 40 yrs, appear as clusters
of cells

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