TMK 3043: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

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Question 1

 We can use undeterminate coefficient. Another method is: Variation Of Parameter Integral Transform Formula

i. VARIATION OF PARAMETER

Example:

ii. INTEGRAL TRANSFORM FORMULA

Example:

Question 2:
Find one application model of higher order differential equation. Elaborated the application by giving one example of problem and show how you solve the problem. MECHANICAL OSCILLATORS Oscillating mechanical systems is a form on every natural class of examples of second order linear equations. The example is spring and simple pendulum. We only will focus in simple pendulum.

Simple pendulum

Figure 1: Simple pendulum

Figure 2: The left-hand picture is the graph of sin (solid) and (dashed) plotted against for 0 1. Note that the curves are fairly close for 0.5 and almost indistinguishable when 0.3. The right-hand picture shows the pendulum at angles = 0.3and =0.5 to the downward vertical. Clearly requiring 0.3 0.3 is little restriction for a calculation involving the pendulum in a clock.

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4
Solve the initial-value problem For now you may use the value k =14, but eventually you will need to replace this number with the values of k for the cords you brought. The solution x(t) represents your position below the natural length of the cord after it starts to pull back.

Solution problem 4
Solve the initial-value problem mg=160, =1, g=32, k=14

Consider homogenous equation

The auxillary equation is To find m, use formula

and

 It represents the position below the natural length of the cord after it starts to pull back

Problem 5
Compute the derivative of the expression you found in Problem 4 and solve for the value of t where the derivative is zero. Denote this time as t2. Be careful that the time you compute is greater than t1 there are several times when your motion stops at the top and bottom of your bounces! After you find t2, substitute it back into the solution you found in Problem 4 to find your lowest position.

Solution problem 5

Solve for the value of t where the derivative is 0. Given that

PROBLEM 6 (CAS) You have brought a soft bungee cord with k = 8.5, a stiffer cord with k = 10.7 and a climbing rope for which k = 16.4. Which, if any of these cord can you use safely under the given conditions ?

i) Weight (mg) : 160 pounds ii) Soft bungee cord : k = 8.5 iii) Stiffer cord : k = 10.7 iv) climbing rope : k = 16.4 By using the differential equation tool, we can get : a) the position below the natural length of the cord after it starts to pull back, x(t) b) the rate of change of position below the equilibrium with respect to time (velocity), x (t)

Types of cords

Weight k of Spring bungee constant jumper (pounds)

t1 (time taken to go the natural length of the cord, 100 feet)

t2(time bungee jumper stop going down)

Amount of stretchin g (feet)

x(t) position of the feet below the natural length

x (t) velocity

sof bungee stiffer cord climbing rope

160

8.5

2.7

4.0

70

-55

160

10.7

2.7

4.0

65

10

-55

160

16.4

2.7

4.0

45

30

-60

 Among these bungee cords, the climbing rope has the most higher value of k which is 16.4. The value of x(t) is 30. It means, the bungee jumper will not reach the river surface water. It will result in sudden stop, and eventually will lead to injury. As conclusion, the most safest type of cord can be used is cord with most lowest value of spring constant, k. It is Soft bungee cord with value of k = 8.5 and result x(t) = 5.

PROBLEM 7 You have which you have a bungee cord for which you have not determined the spring constant k. To do so, you suspend a weight of 10 pounds from the end of the 100-foot cord, causing it to stretch 1.2 feet. What is the value of k for this cord?

Bungee jumper 1
Weight (pounds) The initial length (without stretching) Amount of stretching (feet) The final length (with stretching) Spring constant, k 160 100 feet 50 feet 150 feet 14

Bungee jumper 2
160 + 10 = 170 100 feet 1.2 feet 101.2 feet ?

Based on bungee jumper 1, when spring constant is k= 14, the amount of stretching is 50 feet. So, 50 feet = 14 1 feet = 14 / 50 = 0.28 That means, to stretch 1 feet, we need to use spring constant 0.28. Hence, when we want to stretch 1.2 feet, we need value of spring constant as k = 1.2 x 0.28 = 4.29 Thus, from the calculation above, we know that when the stretch is 1.2 feet, the value of spring constant is k = 4.29

PROBLEM 8 (CAS) What would happen if your 220-pound friend uses the bungee cord whose spring constant is k=10.7 The weight of the bungee jumper mg = 220 pound The spring constant for bungee cord, k = 10.7

By using the differential equation tool, the result was obtained as below :
Types of cord Weight K t1 (time of (spring taken to bungee constant) go the jumper natural (pound length of the cord, s) 100 feet) 220 10.7 2.7 t2(time bungee jumper stop going down) 4.2 Amount X(t) of position of stretching your feet below the natural length 83 -8 X (t) velocity

Bungee cord

-60

As the value of x(t) is negative which is x(t) = -8, it shows that the 220-pound friend will reach surface of river water and was wet.

PROBLEM 9 (CAS) If your heavy friend wants to jump anyway, then how short should you make the cord so that he does not get wet ? The weight (mg) of the bungee jumper now : 220 pounds By using the differential equation tool, the most suitable cord which will not make the bungee jumper wet is at k 5.6