HVAC DESIGN FOR HOSPITALS

PURPOSE
The purpose of the this presentation is to provide a Comprehensive
sources for the design, Installation and commissioning of HVAC
Systems for the Hospital and Clinics including :

 Environmental Comfort
 Infection Control
 Energy Conservation
 Life Safety and
 Operation and Maintenance
 STANDARD & CODES
The application standards/codes are :

 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-

 Conditioning Engineer (ASHRAE).

 National building codes – Building Services

 IS: Codes.

 SMACNA: Duct Construction Code

 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
HOSPITAL DESIGN
 Designed on the basis of guidelines given in ASHRAE (USA) application manual,
past practices.

 To ensure the patients are exposed to the cleanest and bacteria free environment.

 The pressure relationship of different areas would be planned to let the dirty air
move away from patients and staff toward the dirtier areas and on to the Air
Handling Units for cleaning and recirculation.

 The Air conditioning (A.C.) for the Operation Theatres (O.T.) is designed to create
Laminar Flow with 25 air changes per hour. This consists of 5 air changes (20%)
Outside Air and 20 air changes (80%) re-circulated air. The air will be passed
through Microvee, HEPA Filters & UVGI lamps, to remove all contaminants
including dust and bacteria. The air quality thus achieved is superior to 100%
outside air.
 The O.T. in Emergency Department will have laminar flow pattern, with
15 air changes per hour of 100% Outside Air. Air is not proposed to be
recycled in these theatres, because infected Trauma cases are often
brought in without advance preparation.

 I.C.U.s and other critical areas the outside air content will be as per
AHRAE 62.1.

 Each O.T. and each type of I.C.U. will have an independent Air Handling
Unit (AHU).

 In all other Departments, the areas have been zoned according to the
activity and operating hours. The details are given later on.

 All the OT units will have the HEPA filter of 99.99 % efficiency (down to
0.3 micron) and I.C.U.s will have high efficiency air filter of 99%
efficiency (down to 5 micron)
 GENERAL DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS (A.C.)
 The A.C. System should be designed to be energy efficient and very
flexible and economical.
 OT’s would be design at 20ºC-22ºC ; DB & 50% - 55% RH.
 All other area would be design at 22ºC-24ºC; DB & 50% - 60% RH.
  The chillers with Low power consumption of approx. 0.63-0.68 IKW per
Ton will be used. This represents a reasonable balance between capital
cost and operating costs.
 Combination of Primary /Secondary chilled water circuits. There will be
one set of Secondary Pumps for the areas being used in day time. A
separate set will serve the 24 hours areas.
Both sets will have one working and one standby pump with variable
frequency drive (VFD).
 The VFD will bring down the chilled water pumping cost to the minimum
which otherwise represents a high fixed operating cost, regardless of the
percentage of the hospital which may be in use.
 All ducts for the O.T. Systems only will be made of Aluminum. All other
areas will have G.I. sheet ducts. All grilles and diffusers shall be of
Aluminum.
 The ducting for MRI room (optional) shall also be of aluminium sheets.
Further even the flanges support, nuts bolts etc. shall also be of non ferrous
metal due to magnetic field created by the MRI.
 Building Management System (BMS) for operating the high side.
 
This will briefly perform the following:
 Reduce operator Interface and staff requirements.
 Optimize plant operation to reduce energy costs.
 Reduce maintenance costs by providing guidelines for preventive
maintenance.
 Reduce chances of breakdowns.
 Maintain records of faults

 This will provide significant operational savings.

 FIRE MODE VENTILATION SYSTEM
(AS PER NBC OF INDIA, PART-4)

 Fire protection system for basement car parking, public area, Corridors &
ICUs will be provided to minimize the risk from smoke, to assist occupants
to egress the danger area.

 Fireman/ Passenger Lift Lobbies Pressurization System: - A dedicated

pressurization system will be provided for the fireman/ passenger lift
lobbies. These systems will be designed to pressurize the lobby area.

 Staircase Pressurization System:-Each escape stair will be provided with

pressurization system to minimize risk of ingress of smoke into the escape
path.

 Lift well Pressurization: - The passenger/ fireman lift shaft will be

pressurized.
THANK YOU