WASTE PIPE &

SOIL PIPE
3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF
DRAINAGE INSTALLATION
DRAINAGE PIPE
-receives and conveys discharges from water closet with or without waste coming
from other fixture.
WASTE PIPE
-receives the discharges of any fixture except water closet and conveys the same to
the soil pipe.
VENT PIPE
-functions as air passage or conduit to ventilate the drainage.
WASTE PIPE
DEFINITION

A pipe, which conveys only wastewater or

liquid waste, free of fecal matter
(Sec. 224.2 Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines)
GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR A
GOOD WASTE PIPE INSTALLATION
1. Making the right choice of materials
2. Conservative use of fittings
3. Right location of the cleanouts
4. Right slope or grade of the pipelines
5. Using the right size of pipe
6. Correct manner of joining the pipes
7. Providing stable and rigid support
THE RIGHT
CHOICE OF
MATERIALS
The character of the waste to be
drained and the service for which it
is intended for dictates the kind of
materials to be used.
CONSERVATI
VE USE OF
FITTINGS
Pipe installations that fails or
break too soon, may have been
due to any of the following
causes:

1. Use of too many fittings

2. Use of wrong type of fittings

RECOMMENDATIO
NS

1. Do not use short radius fittings on a

vertical to horizontal changes.

2. Use long sweep fittings on

horizontal changes.

3. For vertical to horizontal direction

of changes, the Y and 45°fittings
are most appropriate.

4. The T fitting was designed for

vertical run with lateral branches
only.
RIGHT
LOCATION OF
THE
CLEANOUTS
Cleanout is a receptacle of
plumbing system accessible on
floor, walls or ceiling. It is
equipped with a plug or flush plate
so designed as not to impair the
aesthetical view of the room
RIGHT SLOPE
OR GRADE OF
THE PIPELINES
The ideal position of the horizontal
waste pipe lines are those installed
at 2% slope. Meaning, the pipe is
installed with an inclination ratio of
2 centimeters per meter length run.
 Injudicious connection of fittings

MANNER OF should not be permitted in any

plumbing installation. Each kind of

JOINING pipe has its own manner of joining

recommended and specified by the
PIPES manufacturers.
 The size of waste pipe intended to

DETERMININ receive waste from the fixture must

be of sufficient diameter. This is to
G THE SIZE OF accommodate the velocity of

WASTE PIPE flow, making them as nearly

scouring as necessary to prevent
the silting of the pipe.
UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE
COMMITTEE’S FINDINGS
1. By increasing the size of the drainage pipe, does not guarantee effective scouring
action.
2. Water flow inside a larger pipe is relatively shallow. Solid waste does not flow on
shallow water but tend to remain at the bottom of the pipe.
3. Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow of about 50% of the pipe
diameter.
4. On the other hand, too small pipeline is subject to overloading of flow. The tendency is
to create back-pressure, siphonage, and floor flooding.
FIXTURE UNIT

An arbitrary quantity in terms of which the load

producing effects or water requirements on the plumbing
system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are
expressed in some arbitrarily chosen scale. One fixture
unit is equivalent to a ratio of flow at 28.3 liters per
minute. (1 / minute)
(Sec. 207.8 Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines)
 KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT
Bathtub 2
Floor drain 1
Kitchen sink 2
Residential sink 1.5
Lavatory or wash basin 1
Laundry tub 2
Shower bath 2
Slop sink 3
Sink, hotel or public 2
Urinal 5
Water closet 6
Combination fixture 3
One bathroom group consisting of water
closet, lavatory, bathtub and overhead
8
shower or water closet, lavatory and
shower compartment
For every 15 sq foot roof drain 1
 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FIXTURE UNITS THAT MAY BE
CONNECTED TO
DIAMETER OF STACK WITH 3 OR MORE
PIPE ONE BRANCHES INTERVALS
NOT OVER 3
HORIZONTAL IN ONE
BRANCHES TOTAL IN
mm in BRANCH BRANCH
STACK
INTERVAL
32 1¼ 1 2 1 2
38 1½ 3 4 2 8
50 2 6 10 6 24
63 2½ 12 20 9 42
75 3 20 30 20 60
100 4 160 240 90 500
125 5 360 540 200 1100
150 6 620 960 350 1900
200 8 1400 2200 600 3600
250 10 2500 3800 1000 5600
300 12 3800 6000 1500 8400
TYPES OF WASTE PIPE

■ Direct Waste
– One with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIXTURE SERVED BY DIRECT WASTE

1. Urinals 2. Bathtub 3. Lavatories

a. Pedestal a. Siltz a. Wall hung
b. Stall b. Foot b. Pedestal
c. Through c. Bidet c. Two pieces
4. Sink 5. Showers 6. Drinking Fountain
a. Kitchen a. Single stall 7. Laundry
b. Pantry b. Gang 8.Laboratory
c. Slop 9. Hospital Fixture
TYPES OF WASTE PIPE

■ Indirect Waste
– Refers to a connection with terminal not directly connected to the plumbing
system.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIXTURE SERVED BY INDIRECT WASTE
1. Soda fountain
2. Bar waste
3. Refrigeration
4. Drinking fountain
RECOMMENDED SIZE OF WASTE
PIPE
1. Sink waste. The minimum size of waste pipe for sink is 38 mm or 1 ½ in, but because
of the materials suspended in it, the practice is to use 50 mm or 2 in. pipe.
2. Slop sink. Is tapped either on the floor shall be 75 or 100 mm and 50 mm for traps
installed on walls with a cleanout plug.
3. Scullary sink 50 mm 9. Urinal 50 mm
4. Pantry sink 38 mm 10. Laundry tub 38 mm- 50 mm
5. Factory wash up sink 50 mm 11. Drinking fountain 32 mm
6. Bathtub 38 mm-50 mm 12. Lavatory waste 50 mm
7. Lavatories 50 mm 13. Hospital fixtures 50 mm
8. Shower bath 50 mm
SOIL PIPE
DEFINITION

Any pipe, which conveys the discharge of

water closet, urinal or fixtures having similar
functions, with or without the discharges from
other fixtures to the building drain or building
sewer.
(Sec. 220.22 Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines)
■ SOIL STACK
– Pipe is installed vertically
– Receives human waste otherwise, classified as waste stack.

■ SOIL BRANCH
– pipe is installed horizontally
– If it does not receive discharges from water closet but from other fixtures only, it
will be classified as Waste Pipe.
THE PLUMBING CODE ON SOIL PIPE
INSTALLATION PROVIDES THAT:
■ The soil pipe shall be properly concealed,
■ The entire installations in building and their relations with each other shall be considered in
the pre planning stages prior to the rough-in work.
■ The soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closet shall be short and direct as
practicable.
■ Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak.
■ Soil pipes not embedded in concrete wall shall be secured rigidly by means of metal hangers.
■ Changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using
– ¼ bend
– Long sweep ¼ bend
– Two 1/8 bend
– Combination of Y and 1/8 bend
INSTALLING
A SOIL
BRANCH
1. The soil branch should be accessible
provided with sufficient number of
cleanouts.

2. Cleanout should be installed wherever

changes of soil branch directions are
made.

3. Cleanouts should be the same in

diameter as the soil branch.

4. Cleanout should be located at the

farthest end of the branch away from
the soil stack.

5. The use of short radius fittings when

making a change in direction should
be avoided.
6. Crooked joint should not be allowed.

7. Right slope or grade of pipe.

ROUGHING IN
Wye with 45 Long Turn 90 Two 45’s
Toilet Rough-In (The 4 Dimensions
You Need To Know)
■ The distance to set the toilet flange from the back wall.
■ The necessary clearance from left to right.
■ How much space to leave in front of the bowl.
■ Where to put the cold water supply line.
The Distance To Set The Toilet Flange
From The Back Wall
The Clearance From the Center of the Toilet
To Any Adjacent Fixture or Sidewall
The Distance From the Front of the
Toilet To Any Obstruction

IPC: 405.3.1 UPC: 402.5

Where To Put The Cold Water Supply
Line