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Alebel Kehali
Alebel Kehali
Name ID
Alebel Kehaliw BDU1011322
Zelalem Addis BDU1011951
Tazebew Tadesse BDU 0702564
Melat Amanuel BDU1011131
Advisor Name Mr. Mengistu
contents
Introduction
Objectives
Fiber source for pulp and paper production
Wheat straw
Morphological characteristics of wheat staw
Chemical constituent of wheat straw
Pulp technique
About chemical pulping
Factors affecting chemical pulping
Materials methods for pulping
Discussions and conclusions
introduction
Objectives
General objectives
The main objective of this project is article review of
pulp production from wheat straw.
Specific objectives
To compare the wheat straw fiber with the other fiber
containing materials.
To compare pulps from different literature.
To inform the best pulping method by comparing
the different literature
Fiber sources for pulp and paper production
Table Table Physical Content of Wheat (Mckean. & Jacobs., June 1997
Fiber Properties Wheat Bamboob Rye Corn Tobacco Reedf Cotton Aspenh
strawa strawc stalkd strawe stalkg
Length, L (mm) 1.14 2.30 1.15 1.32 1.07 1.39 0.83 0.96
Diameter, D (μm) 19.32 15.1 14.7 24.3 26.8 13.5 19.60 20.80
Lumen Width, d (μm) 10.54 6.9 4.2 10.7 16.3 7.0 12.80 16.94
Wall thickness, W(μm) 4.39 4.17 4.6 6.8 5.3 3.2 3.40 1.93
Rankle ratio,(2w/d) 0.83 1.21 2.19 1.27 0.65 0.91 0.53 0.23
Component Value %
Cellulose 49.78
Hemicellulose 20.37
Lignin 19.64
Extractives soluble in alcohol - acetone 4.93
Ash content 5.28
Techniques of pulping
Mechanical
Semi–mechanical or semi-chemical
Chemical
Chemical Pulping
Alkaline Methods of Pulping
Kraft (Sulphate) Process
Soda process
Acidic Method of Pulping
Cont…
Table 1 Summary of commonly used chemical pulping methods (Kamoga, Byaruhanga, & Kirabra,
2013)
Chemical
pulping Chemicals used Properties of pulp Common uses of isolated
Methods isolated pulp
Sulphurous acid/ sodium High flexibility and
Sulphite sulphite requires very little Used in making paper
bleaching forspecial purposes
Combination sodium Making boxes, paper
Kraft/ hydroxide Strong, low bagsand wrapping paper.
Sulphate brightness(dark Can also be used for
and sodium sulphide brown) writing paper and
paperboard
when bleached
Sodium hydroxide and Have properties
Soda anthraquinone similar Ideal for all paper uses
to those of sulphite.
Process Conditions that affect chemical Pulping
• Effects of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration
• Effects of Liquor to Straw Ratio
• Effects of Temperature
• Effects of Reaction Time
Materials and Methods
Materials
Equipment’s may be used:
Autoclave for pulp cooking, Poly Ethylene Bag, Strip Road,
Silica Crucible, Muffled Furnace, Desiccators, Digital weighing
Balance, weighing bottle, Stopper, Drying oven, Tong, special
dryer Towel, Bunsen burner, Erlenmeyer flask, Water bath,
Heating mantle, Weighed Sintered Glass Crucible, Watt-man
Filter paper, Measuring Cylinder, rounded Bottom Flask, Sox
let apparatus, cellulose extraction Thimble, Cotton, Jar,
Scissor, Glove, Mask and Goggles, volumetric flask,
Stopwatch, 250μm-1mm size mesh sieve, Glass or porcelain,
Pipettes, Burette, Reaction beaker,