AMITY INSTITUTE OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY (AIFT)

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY (FOOD101)

MODULE 1:BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

TOPIC: DIVERSITY OF LIVING WORLD

Dr. Monika Thakur

Faculty, Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity University Uttar Pradesh
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
Amity Institute of Food Technology
 Amity Institute of Food Technology

What is classification?
Classification is the arrangement of plants and animals in taxonomic groups according to the similarities and
differences observed.
What is kingdom classification?
Kingdom classification is the highest classification into which the organisms are grouped in the taxonomy. It is
ranked above the phylum.
What is the two kingdom classification?
The two-kingdom classification was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus. He classified the living organisms on the basis
of nutrition and mobility. The living organisms were classified into Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.
On what basis are the living organisms divided in the five-kingdom classification?
The living organisms are divided into five different kingdoms – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Monera on
the basis of their characteristics such as cell structure, mode of nutrition, mode of reproduction and body
organization.
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What is the basic unit of classification?

Species are the basic unit of classification. The organisms that have the same characteristics and can breed with
each other to produce fertile offspring are known to belong to the same species.
What was the drawback of two-kingdom classification?
In the two-kingdom classification, the plants included photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species. Fungi,
which feed on dead organic matter, were placed under photosynthetic plants. Therefore, there arose a need for
another system of classification where the organisms with the same characteristics were clubbed into one
kingdom.
What are the different levels of classification?
The organisms are classified according to the following different levels- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus and Species.
In which kingdom are the prokaryotes classified?
The prokaryotes are classified into kingdom Monera. There are two other kingdoms, including prokaryotes-
Eubacteria and Archaea.
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R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969. This classification was based upon
certain characters like mode of nutrition, thallus organization, cell structure, phylogenetic relationships
and reproduction.  This form of kingdom classification includes five kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae and Animalia.
Amity Institute of Food Technology
 Amity Institute of Food Technology

Who proposed the five kingdom system of classification and on what basis?

Answers: Five kingdom of classification was proposed by RH Whittaker in 1969. He divided all living
organisms into five kingdoms based on following features:
Complexity of cell structures
Complexity of body structures
Mode of obtaining nutrition
Ecological life style
Phylogenetic relationship

The five kingdoms proposed by him were:

Kingdom Monera which includes prokaryotes.

Kingdom Protista which includes unicellular eukaryotes.
Kingdom Fungi which includes fungi.
Kingdom Plantae which includes multicellular eukaryotic plants.
Kingdom Animalia which includes multicellular animals.
 Amity Institute of Food Technology

Learning Outcomes:
 Diversity of life
 Classification
 2 kingdom classification
 5 kingdom classification