Hydraulic Jump as an application of

Momentum Equation
Lab Jump in Flume (Right to
Left)
 Hydraulic Jump in a Sink?
• http://www.eng.vt.edu/fluids/msc/gallery/waves/sink.htm
 Hydraulic Jumps
• Occurs when there is a sudden transition
from supercritical (y < yc) to subcritical (y >
yc) flow.
• Examples of where this may occur are :
– At the foot of a spillway
– Where a channel slope suddenly turns flat.
 • In analyzing hydraulic jumps we assume
there is conservation of momentum, i.e. :
y12 q 2 y 22 q 2
  
2 gy1 2 gy 2
We can algebraically manipulate this to find:

y2 1

y1 2

1  8F12  1 
y1 1

y2 2

1  8F22  1 
• y1 is known as the initial depth and is < yc
(supercritical flow).
• y2 is known as the sequent depth and is > y c
(subcritical flow).
• The energy loss in a hydraulic jump can be
found by:

E1 
y 2  y1 
3

4 y1 y 2
 2 2
y1  y1  2V1 y1
y2      
2  2  g
 Example

Example 3.18, Streeter, et al.

If 12 m3/sec of water per meter of width flows down a
spillway onto a horizontal floor and the velocity is 20
m/sec, determine (a) the downstream depth required to
cause a hydraulic jump, (b) the loss in energy head, and
(c) the losses in power by the jump per meter of width.
 2(202 )(0.6)
 0.3  0.32   6.7 m
9.806
(6.7  0.6) 3
losses   14.1mN / N
4(0.6)(6.7)
power / m  Q(losses )  (9806N / m3 )(12m3 / sec)(14.1m)  1659kW