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    Land Reform Spanish Era

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    Niejean Satoru
    During the Spanish period from 1521-1898 in the Philippines: - Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi distributed large portions of Philippine lands to loyal Spanish civilians and military, establishing private land ownership and weakening communal land ownership. - An encomienda system was introduced in 1570 where Spanish officials and clerics were granted lands and native Filipinos as tribute payers, concentrating land in the hands of the Spanish and local elites. - By the late Spanish period, many Filipino peasants lost their lands due to exploitative land registration decrees that allowed caciques and Spanish to claim peasant lands, depriving many of their land titles and making them tenants.

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    Land Reform Spanish Era

    Uploaded by

    Niejean Satoru
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    During the Spanish period from 1521-1898 in the Philippines: - Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi distributed large portions of Philippine lands to loyal Spanish civilians and military, establishing private land ownership and weakening communal land ownership. - An encomienda system was introduced in 1570 where Spanish officials and clerics were granted lands and native Filipinos as tribute payers, concentrating land in the hands of the Spanish and local elites. - By the late Spanish period, many Filipino peasants lost their lands due to exploitative land registration decrees that allowed caciques and Spanish to claim peasant lands, depriving many of their land titles and making them tenants.

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    During the Spanish period from 1521-1898 in the Philippines: - Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi distributed large portions of Philippine lands to loyal Spanish civilians and military, establishing private land ownership and weakening communal land ownership. - An encomienda system was introduced in 1570 where Spanish officials and clerics were granted lands and native Filipinos as tribute payers, concentrating land in the hands of the Spanish and local elites. - By the late Spanish period, many Filipino peasants lost their lands due to exploitative land registration decrees that allowed caciques and Spanish to claim peasant lands, depriving many of their land titles and making them tenants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views19 pages

    Land Reform Spanish Era

    Uploaded by

    Niejean Satoru
    During the Spanish period from 1521-1898 in the Philippines: - Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi distributed large portions of Philippine lands to loyal Spanish civilians and military, establishing private land ownership and weakening communal land ownership. - An encomienda system was introduced in 1570 where Spanish officials and clerics were granted lands and native Filipinos as tribute payers, concentrating land in the hands of the Spanish and local elites. - By the late Spanish period, many Filipino peasants lost their lands due to exploitative land registration decrees that allowed caciques and Spanish to claim peasant lands, depriving many of their land titles and making them tenants.

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    of 19

    LAND REFORM

    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    Presented by:
    Embalzado, Niejean M.
    Fernandez, Michelle
    Baylosis, Jhean
    What is LAND REFORM ?
     is a term that was used earlier to bring about changes in the
    ownership of land, in rural areas
     it aims at the redis­tribution of land-ownership in favor of the
    farmers
     land reform is limited/short, narrow definition of agrarian
    reform
    PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
    • Filipinos were living in villages ruled by chieftains and datus
    who comprised the nobility.
    • No formal ownership of the land, no titles. The concept of
    private property was unknown.
    • Rice was a medium of exchange.
    SPANISH PERIOD
    (1521-1898)
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    During the governorship of Miguel López de Legazpi :


    • His major initial policies was to recognize all the lands in the
    Philippines as part of public domain regardless of local customs.
    • He distributed large portion of the Philippines’ lands as a reward
    to his loyal civilian and military.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    • As a result, communal ownership of the land gradually and


    slowly fading.
    • Private ownership of the land was established.
    • With this arrangement, every community resident was given a
    choice, to cultivate the land in order to stay, free from tax.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    Encomienda System
    •  In 1570, the encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when
    Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip II in 1558,
    distributed lands to his loyal Spanish subjects.
    • The granting of uncircumscribed (unowned) land to deserving Spaniards.
    • Encomienderos were granted to favor Spanish officials and clerics who
    were entrusted the responsibility to look after the development of the
    natives within their assigned territory.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    By this time, natives began to pay tax


    • In return for such responsibility, encomienderos enjoyed the
    privilege to have a share in the tribute paid by the natives.
    • Encomienderos must defend his encomienda from external
    attacks and maintain peace and order.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    Almost all the grants that Legazpi extended to the


    Spanish officials and friars were confined to what
    would eventually become the provinces of Cavite,
    Laguna, Batangas, and Bulacan
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    • Eventually, in place of the encomienda, the Spanish authorities


    began to group together several barangays into administrative
    units.
    • They termed these units as pueblos or municipios which were
    governed by the gobernadorcillos (governor).
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    • Together, the cabezas (locals) and gobernadorcillos (mainly Spanish)


    made up of the landed class known as caciques (landed class).
    • Years later, the Filipino caciques intermarried with Spaniards which gave
    birth to the class called mestizo
    • As a result, cabezas and gobernadorcillos gained more power and
    prestige with the Spanish civil, religious authorities, and common people.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    • As the cacique system grew, it became more oppressive causing


    uprisings (19th century) which tended to occur in the areas with
    much agricultural activity such as Central Luzon.
    • Taxation and agrarian unrest became the main reasons for the
    revolts and conflicts during that time.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    Spanish government issued two Royal Decrees :


    • Decreto Realenga (1880) and
    • Maura Law (1894)

    Ordering caciques and natives, to secure legal title for their lands or
    suffer forfeiture.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)
    • The Filipino peasants, either ignorant of the processes of the law or of the
    Spanish- written instructions, were just slow to respond.
    • Making use of the situation, caciques did not only register their own
    landholdings but also took advantage of the ignorance of the peasants by
    claiming the peasants’ lands adjacent to their own holdings.
    • As a consequence, it was estimated that 400, 000 Filipino peasants lost
    land titles and became tenants of their own lands.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    The Royal Decree of 1894 (Maura Law), deprived many Filipino


    peasants of their own lands through scheming and treacherous
    way of both Spaniards and caciques.
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    Ways Peasants Were Dispossessed of their Landholdings:


    1. Untitled lands
    2. Outright purchase at a low price from peasants in need, which also
    means that someone is taking advantage of the land.
    3. Mortgage system (sangla)
    4. Giving too much “friar lands”
    SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

    General Conclusion:
    Land reform was not properly introduced and established in the
    Spanish period. Hence, this period gave birth to more conflicts,
    rivals and rebellion regarding the proper ownership of the land.
    REFERENCES:
    https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/velez-college/readings-of-philippine-history/read
    ings-of-philippine-history-rph-lecture-04/16716850

    https://www.slideshare.net/lolxie/land-reform-duing-spanish-period

    https://www.dar.gov.ph/articles/dar-in-the-news/102083

    http://countrystudies.us/philippines/65.htm
    THANK YOU !

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