15CSE202 Object oriented Programming

15CSE202 Object Oriented Programming

Lecture 1

Overview of different programming paradigms

and problems in procedural paradigm

Nalinadevi Kadiresan
CSE Dept.
Amrita School of Engg.
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Evolution of Programming
Languages
•A computer language is a
set of predefined words that
are combined into a
program according to
predefined rules (syntax).
•Over the years, computer
languages have evolved
from machine language to
high-level languages.
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Evolution of Programming
Languages - Paradigm
•Today, computer
languages are categorized
according to the approach
they use to solve a
problem.
•A paradigm, therefore, is a
way in which a computer
language looks at the
problem to be solved.
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Evolution of Programming
Languages -contd
•We divide computer languages into four paradigms:
procedural, object-oriented, functional and logical.

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Evolution of Programming
Languages -contd

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Why do we move from

procedural to object-oriented
paradigm?

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Problems with Procedural Languages -1

Functions are the building blocks.
Many functions can modify a given block of data.

Function 1
Function 3

DATA

Function 2
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Problems with Procedural Languages -2

 Uninitialized variables.

int k ;
printf(“%d”,k) ;

Data does not have an owner.

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Problems with Procedural Languages -3

 Resource Deallocation Problems
Examples: Memory leaks, open files, open database
connections, open network connections.
int* kp;
kp = (int*) malloc(1000);
kp = (int*) malloc(1000);
kp = (int*) malloc(1000);
Data does not have an owner.
 Difficult to pinpoint bug sources when data corrupted

June 2019 Nalinadevi Kadiresan

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Problems with Procedural Languages -4

Insufficient support for abstraction

ADT = data + functions
data: modelled as structures
functions: global, not related to structure

Data does not have an owner.

 Difficult to maintain data integrity.
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Problems with Procedural Languages -4

struct stack struct queue
{ int top; { int front;
char* store;} ; int rear;
char* store;} ;
push(); insert();

pop(); delete();

All functions are global!!

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Problems with Procedural Languages - 4

struct horse struct eagle

{weight, color, { age, weight
Age;}; wingspan;} ;

gallop(); fly();

canter(); hunt();

All functions are global!!

June 2019 Nalinadevi Kadiresan
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Problems with Procedural Languages

Summary
 Data does not have an owner.
 Difficult to maintain data integrity.
 Functions are the building blocks.
 Many functions can modify a given
block of data.
 Difficult to pinpoint bug sources when
data corrupted.
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Next Session will be

OO Concepts

June 2019 Nalinadevi Kadiresan