ERNEST

HEMINGWAY
Uravella Dongre FYBA/A 110
Raunaq George FYBA/A 124
Pawan Sabanwar FYBA/A 76
Anushka Gaikwad FYBA/A 74
 Biography
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21,1899 born and raised in
Oak Park, Illinois) was an American novelist, short-story
writer, journalist, and sportsman. His economical and
understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century
fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image
brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway
produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the
mid-1950s. He published seven novels, six short-story
collections, and two nonfiction works. Many of his works are
considered classics of American literature.
Ernest Hemingway was born in Chicago, the first son of a
doctor and his wife Grace Hall. He started writing in high
school and studied abroad in Paris. His first collection of short
stories ‘In Our Time’ was published in New York City in 1925
 Contribution

Hemingway’s short but efficient writing style is one of

the hallmarks of his literature, showing a new
generation of writers that it was not necessary to
provide lengthy detail to make a captivating novel. His
pacifist views and anti-war messages in his novels was
the crux of the “Lost Generation”. Hemingway took a
bold stand against the war-like nature of the world at
the time, and he served as a symbol of resistance that
influences authors to this day.
 Important Works
Hemingway published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-
fiction works. Some of his works were publishes posthumously. Many of his works
are considered to be classics of American literature. Here is a list of all his works
over the years:

Novels:
• The Torrents of Spring: May 1926
• The Sun also Rises: October 1926
• A Farewell to Arms: September 1929
• To Have and Have Not: October 1937
• For Whom the Bell Tolls: October 1940
• Across the River and into the Trees: June 1950
• The Old Man and the Sea: 1952
• Islands in the Stream: 1970 (Posthumous)
• The Garden of Eden: 1986 (Posthumous)
• True at First Light: 1999 (Posthumous)
Non-Fiction:
• Death in the Afternoon: 1932
• Green Hills of Africa: 1935
• Hemingway, The Wild Years: 1962 (Posthumous)
• A Moveable Feast: 1964 (Posthumous)
• By-Line: Ernest Hemingway: 1967 (Posthumous)
• Ernest Hemingway: Cub Reporter: 1970
(Posthumous)
• The Dangerous Summer: 1985 (Posthumous)
• Dateline: Toronto: 1985 (Posthumous) • Under
Kilimanjaro: 2005 (Posthumous)
Short Story Collections:
• Three Stories and Ten Poems: 1923
• In Our Time: 1925
• Men Without Women: 1927
• The Snows of Kilimanjaro: 1932
• Winner Take Nothing: 1933
• The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine
Stories: 1938
• The Essential Hemingway : 1947
• The Hemingway Reader: 1953
• The Nick Adams Stories: 1972 (Posthumous)
 Indian Camp

“Indian Camp” is a short story written by

Ernest Hemingway. The story was first
published in 1924 in Ford Madox Ford’s
literary magazine Transatlantic Review in
Paris and republished by Boni & Liveright
in Hemingway’s first American volume of
short stories In Our Time in 1925.
 Summary and Analysis
One night, Dr. Adams is summoned to help an American Indian woman who has been in painful labor
for two days. The doctor takes his young son, Nick, and his brother, George, to the American Indian
camp on the other side of a northern Michigan lake. There, the doctor performs impromptu, improvised
cesarean with a fishing knife, catgut, and no anesthetic to deliver the baby. Afterward, he discovers that
the woman’s husband, who was in the bunk above hers, silently cut his throat during the painful ordeal

In the story, Nick Adams, A very young boy, accompanies his father and his uncle to an American Indian
camp on the other side of the lake. Here Nick is introduced with concepts that remained of highest
importance go Hemingway throughout his writing career: life and death; suffering, pain, and
endurance; and suicide.
Although this very short story deals with violence and suffering, with birth and death, sexism and
racism, Hemingway's emphasis is not on the shocking events themselves; instead, Hemingway shows the
effect of birth and death on young Nick Adams.
 Critical Analysis
Ernest Hemingway’s writing style
One of the main features of Hemingway’s style is his use of short, one- or twosyllable words. The
words are easy to understand but when strung together they can create skilful images and lines of
dialogue. He also chose to do away with extraneous adverbs and always chose the simpler word over
the harder word.
In the above short story “Indian Camp” we saw that Hemingway’s’ oblique and sparse writing style
encourages such open-ended questions, and his ending to the story refuses to settle on a single clear
idea. This can be reflected in his end statements which leave the reader with more questions than
answers.
The Iceberg theory
The iceberg theory or theory of omission is a writing technique
coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway. “The Iceberg
Theory” is a method of writing that suggests writers should focus
on a simple, minimalistic style. This means they do not explicitly
state what someone is feeling or what the consequences of an
action are. The most important parts of the story, those which
Hemingway did not spell out, are beneath the surface. This is
compared to the way that the bulk of an iceberg is also hidden
from view.
Hemingway summarizes his theory as follows:
If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he
may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is
writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as
strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of
movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being
above water. A writer who omits things because he does not know
them only makes hollow places in his writing.
 Conclusion
Through our analysis we learned that Hemingway exerted a significant influence on the development
of twentieth-century fiction, both in America and abroad.
Hemingway uses many wonderful writing strategies to get his meaning across. Through his stories,
he examines a major life lesson and that is death is inevitable. Through his short stories, “In Another
Country”, “A Clean Well-Lighted Place” and “A Day’s Wait”, he allows his readers to learn and
understand that death is a part of everyone’s life and that it is not avoidable. The only solution to this
common problem is to be brave and strong to cope with your failures and enjoy life to the fullest.
 References
◦ https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Ernest_Hemingway
◦ https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/h/hemingways-short-stories/about-hemingways-short-stories
◦ https://bookanalysis.com/ernest-hemingway/
◦ https://www.thoughtco.com/ernest-hemingway-works-740054
Thank You!