Sub:-ABCM

Precast Concrete Component

Chajja, weather shed, Canopy

Group Members:-

Gauresh Ambulkar(02)
Janhvi Chaudhari (05)
Nirja Parab (27)
Anushka Patil (30)
Sneha Sawant (36)
Chajja:- Traditionally called the Chajja, the sunshade refers to any horizontal or partially inclined built
component to protect from climatic elements. Apart from playing a pivotal role in Micro Climate Control,
the sunshade/weather shed has also been one of the form defining or accentuating elements in architectural
facades.

Evolution: History says ancient architects had to reconsider their building design due to scarcity of wood,
the then primary building material, which was in high demand for ship building. The chief source of heat,
charcoal was also becoming expensive. Hence, the master builders started to integrate passive climate
control into the design process.

In India, prominent examples include the Jharokhas of Rajasthan, designed to provide privacy to the
women, while considerably offsetting the extreme climates of the desert region. Here, the Jharokha extends
from the building as a sunshade and balcony seat combined with stone trellis screens to keep away dust.
This feature is also visible in Indo Islamic Architecture.
Precast Concrete construction:- The form of construction where concrete is casted in a re-usable mould and
then cured in a controlled environment (precast plant) is called precast concrete. The casted structural member is
then transported to the construction site and then erected. Structural members such as concrete frame, concrete
wall and concrete floors etc. can be constructed using precast concrete.

Functions of Precast Concrete Construction Components

Flooring , Roofing, Beams, Columns, Walls ,
Primary Functions Staircase, Lintels, Sunshade/Chajja projections
•Keep water out
•Prevent air leakage
•Control light
•Control radiation of heat Precast concrete provides
•Control conduction of heat •Complete thermal protection
•Control sound •Continuous air/vapour barrier
•Effective rain screens
Secondary Functions •Superior lifespan
•Resist wind forces •Reduced construction schedule and on-site
•Control water vapor labour
•Adjust to movement •High quality control standards
•Thermal & moisture expansion/contraction •Numerous finish options and colours
•Structural movements
•Resist fire
•Weather gracefully MATERIALS TO BE USED IN
•Easy to install PREFABRICATION SYSTEM
Architectural precast concrete provides architects with an
exciting medium when designing facades for a wide range of Concrete, Steel, Treated wood, Aluminium,
buildings, from healthcare facilities to shopping malls, Cellular concrete, Light weight concrete
commercial office buildings to sports stadiums. elements, Ceramic products, etc.
Precasting Methods

• Individual mould method.

• Using mould which may be easily assembled out of bottom
and sides, transportable , if necessary this may be either in
timber or in steel using needle or mould vibrations and
capable of taking prestressing forces.

• Used in – Rib Slab, beams, Girders window panels, box type

units and special elements.

• Battery form method

• Battery form method shuttering panels may be
adjusted in the form of a battery at the required
distances equal to the thickness of the concrete
members.

• Used in – Interior Walls ( Panels, Shell elements,

reinforced concrete, battens, rafters , purlins, chajja,
roof and floor slabs).
On site Installation
Form work

Installation
JOINT TECHNIQUES / MATERIALS
NORMALLY EMPLOYED ARE:
1.Welding if cleats or projecting steel.
2.Overlapping reinforcement loops and linking steel grouted
by concrete.
3.Reinforced concrete ties all round a slab
4.Prestressing.
5.Epoxy grouting.
6.Bolts and nuts connection, and A combination of the
above.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Leaks in joints
• Prefabrication causes lesser noise and • Transportation cost is
dust. high for voluminous
• Offers less energy consumption structures
• Creates opportunities for good • Large construction
architecture requires heavy duty
• Erection can be continued even at -20 cranes.
degree Celsius • Accuracy is required in
• Carries out high capacity work measurement & handling
• Takes less than half construction time than to place in position.
the conventional cast-in- situ concrete. • Larger groups of building
• Provides complex thermal insulation from same type of
• Improved quality over on-site construction prefabricated elements
• Saves time where weather conditions tend to look monotonous.
allow brief periods of construction • Need skilled labour and
• It helps in safety of workers, experience.
environmental impact, constructability.
Plant-Cast Precast Concrete

• Concrete elements, cast and cured in a manufacturing plant,

then transported to the construction site.

• Plant casting allows increased efficiency and higher quality

control.

• Durable, permanent steel forms are reused many times,

reducing formwork costs compared to site cast concrete.

• Use of Type III, high early strength cement and steam

curing allow concrete members to be cast and cured in as
little as 24 hours.

• Controlled casting conditions and high quality forms allow

for greater control of surface finishes.
JOINTS

The joints should be provided in the light of their assessment

with respect to the following considerations:

Feasibility -The feasibility of joint shall be determined by its

loads- carrying capacity in the particular situation in which the
joints is to function.

Practicability -Practicability of joint shall be determined by the

amount and type of Material, fabrication and erection and the
time for fabrication and erection.

Serviceability - Serviceability shall be determined by the

joints/expected behavior to Repeated or possible overloading
and exposure to climatic or chemical conditions.
Lintels:

•Lintels are provided Inside building  above the doors and

windows to re direct the top load. There are two types of
lintels.

•Pre cast Lintels: Lintels which are manufactured in

factories is called Pre cast Lintels.

•Cast in situ: Lintels are casted at the site itself is called

Cast in situ lintels.
The length of the lintel is more than door length and has a
width of the wall, thickness of lintel is 0.1m
CASE STUDY
The terminal complex at the Port of Miami Terminals
3, Miami, Florida
• The canopy shelters vehicles along a length of 1500 ft (457 m). It is broken into two
segments by entry canopies, that lead the way to the three entrance points which convey
passengers from the loading area into the actual terminal building.

• Precast concrete was selected because it would create a structure that was easy to maintain,
could readily comply with the high wind design requirements of the tropical coastal region,
could be de livered very quickly, and would have a lower initial and maintenance cost than
competing solutions.

• The canopy has a total of 28 structural bays divided into two segments. The structure is
comprised of 24 x 24 in. (610 x 610 mm) columns on pile caps. The columns are spaced 20
ft (6.10 m) apart. The column interval along the axis of the canopy is 28 ft (8.53 m).

• The canopy covers a width of 56 ft 10 in. (17.3 m). The roof cantilevers approximately 18 ft
6 in. (5.64 m) from the columns to provide shelter for vehicles on both sides.

• The columns support tapered precast concrete beams. Two columns support each of the
30 beams. The beams cantilever out over the drive lanes on each side of the canopy.

• The roof has a slight V-shape, which forces water to flow to the center of the canopy.
At the low point of the trans verse section of the canopy, slots were provided to
allow water to enter a hid den guttering system.
Section of the intermodal canopy
 THANK YOU!
https://www.beai.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/jl-01-january-february-2.pdf

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Precast_concrete

http://www.understandconstruction.com/precast-concrete-
construction.html

https://precast.magicrete.in/

https://theconstructor.org/concrete/precast-concrete-floor-wall-frame-
construction/273/

https://www.slideshare.net/mosom/precast-concrete-construction-39892870