BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE

AND APPLICATIONS

Presented By :
Shivam kr Sharmah
NOP/19/ME/006
4th semester
Mechanical Engineering Deppt
 Bernoulli’s Principle :
 It states that “For a perfect incompressible liquid,
flowing in a continuous stream, the total energy of
a particle remains the same, while the particle
moves from one point to another.”
 Mathematically :

Z + v2/2g + P/w = Constant

where,
Z = Potential energy
v2/2g = Kinetic energy
P/w = Pressure energy
 Applications :
The Bernoulli’s equation forms the basis for solving a wide variety of
fluid flow problems such as jets issuing from an orifice, jet trajectory
flow under a gate and over a weir, flow metering by obstruction
meters, flow around submerged objects, flows associated with pumps
and turbines etc.

Apart from this Bernoulli’s equation is very useful in

demonstration of various aerodynamic properties like Drag and lift
 Applications :
 In this presentation we shall discuss its
applications on the following Hydraulic devices :

1. Venturimeter
2. Orificemeter
3. Pitot tube
 1.Venturimeter :
 A Venturimeter is an apparatus for finding out the
discharge of a liquid flowing in a pipe. A Venturimeter in
it’s simplest from, consists of the following three parts :
1) Convergent
2) Throat
3) Divergent cone
*Sometimes coefficient
of Venturimeter is called
as coefficient of Discharge
 2.Orifice Meter :
 An Orifice meter is used to measure the discharge
in a pipe. An orifice meter consists of a plate
having a sharp edged circular hole known as an
Orifice.
 3.Pitot –Tube :
 A Pitot tube is an instrument to determine the
velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe
or a stream. In its simplest form, a pitot tube
.
consists of a glass tube bent a through 90
 EXERCISE :
 A Venturimeter with a 150 mm diameter at inlet and
100 mm at throat is laid with its axis horizontal and is
used for measuring the flow of oil specific gravity 0.9.
The oil-mercury differential manometer shows a gauge
difference of 200 mm. Assume coefficient of the meter
as 0.98. Calculate the discharge in liters per minute.
 An orifice meter consisting of 100 mm diameter orifice
in 250 mm diameter pipe has coefficient equal to 0.65.
The pipe delivers oil. The pressure difference on the
two sides of the orifice plate is measured by a mercury
oil differential manometer. If the differential gauge
reads 80mm of mercury, calculate the rate of flow in
liters/s .
 EXERCISE:
 A pitot tube was inserted in a pipe to measure the
velocity of water in it. If the water rises the tube is
200 mm, find the velocity of water.

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thank you
List of Resources used :
 Internet
 Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines book
 Article
 Online presentation

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