Swan-neck flask experiment

• In 1862, louis Pasteur set out to prove that living things did not
spontaneously come into existence.
• They had to come from some other living thing.

• Pasteur prove that bacteria could be killed by being boiled and if sealed
from the air in a container, would not grow back.

• Swan-neck flask was designed so that a sterile liquid could be exposed to

the air but no outside particles like a dust or bacteria could get past the
curve in the flask’s neck.
•Broths were stored in vessels that contained long tubings (swan neck ducts) that did not allow external dust
particles to pass
•The broths were boiled to kill any micro-organisms present in the growth medium (sterilisation)
•Growth only occurred in the broth if the flask was broken open, exposing the contents to contaminants from the
outside
•From this it was concluded that emergent bacterial growth came from external contaminants and
did not spontaneously occur
w
Micro-organism
 Types of micro-organism

• Singular: Bacterium • Tangle of thin threads called hyphae.

• Are smallest micro-organism • Absorb nutrients from surroundings
• Reproduce by splitting by two • Grow in human skin and nails
• They are exist wherever there are • Fungi have no hype: yeast
nutrients and water • Yeast can reproduce : budding

• Protozoa are alive because they can

move in water
• Algae make their own food like plants
• Protozoa feed on smaller microbes/
take nutrients from surroundings
• Cause disease but not alive
• Can reproduce by entering living
organisms and turning them into
virus-making factors
Antibiotics Vs Vaccine ?
SYSTEM ORGAN