RACHMAT

REVERSED
HEAT ENGINES
Review and Resume
 What is Reversed
Heat Engines ?
First, what is heat engine,
Heat engine : which operate continuously thermodynamic
system across the boundaries (only heat (Q) and work
(W) flow _ closed system _ reversible or cyclic)
Heat engine with reversed cycle > Reversed Heat
Engines
 The heat from LT reservoir pumped into HT reservoir
 Device work by using driver (pump)
Why this reversed cycle necessary,
By the 2nd Law or Thermodynamics, it’s impossible
for energy (heat_Q) to pass spontaneously from a
low to a high temperature reservoir.
Objective,
Transfer energy from Low Temperature (LT)
reservoir to a hgher temperature reservoir.
 The Scheme

 Heat engines
receives heat from HT reservoir -> reject to LT reservoir
uses heat to produce works (Ws)

 Reversed heat engines

heat from LT reservoir -> pump it to HT reservoir
consume works with using a pump (-Ws) to get benefit
from the heat

Ch. 2.7 Representation of Heat Engines

 Engines Efficiency
 Efficiency of Heat Engines
usually referred to Thermal Efficiency
example : Combustion Engines
model : carnot, rankine, brayton cycle

 Efficiency of Reversed Heat Engines

is called COP (coefficient of performance)
example : Refrigerator , Heat Pump
model : refrigeration cycle

for Refrigerator

for Heat Pump

 3.4.1 Reversed Carnot Cycle

Fig. 3.18 _ reversed carnot

Fig. 3.1 regular carnot cycle for heat engine cycle for reversed heat
engine

Conversion energy : 4 – 3 : Pumping (isentropic compression)

3 – 2 : Condensing (isobaric_isothermal)
Heat Engine: Chemical > Heat (Combustion) > Mechanic 2 – 1 : Expansion (isoenthalpy)
Reversed Heat Engine : Mechanic > Pressure > Heat 1 – 4 : Evaporation (isobaric_isothermal)
3.4.2 Actual Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycle

 expander turbine > for greater plants, industrial uses

[pumping work >> work obtainer by exp. turbine]

 throttle valve > for small, domestic, and refrigeration

plants
Refrigerator and Heat Pump Cycle

Irreversible
 3.4.3 Example (Case Stuies)

Solution
Condition at 4

Condition at 3

Condition at 2 (sub-cooling)
 Continue

Calculating Compressor work (Wc)

Compression at 4-3 (isentropic)

Enthalpy at 4

Compressor work
 Continue

Coefficient of performance (cold reservoir)

Coefficient of performance (hot reservoir)

COP Carnot
THANK_YOU