Species and Samples

• Loagan Bunut peat swamp

:22 종 , 50sample, 총 174 개체

• Maludam peat swamp

:11 종 , 32sample, 총 81 개체

• Loagan Bunut lowland forest

:25 종 , 33 sample, 총 163 개체
Introduction
Abundance Data: Singletons and
Uniques
• Singletons: 전체에서 1 개체만 발견된 종
• Doubletons: 전체에서 2 개체만 발견된 종
• Unique: 전체 sample 에서 한 개의 sample
에서만 발견된 종
• Duplicate: 전체 sample 에서 두 개의 sample
에서만 발견된 종
Estimating True Species Richness
• Jackknife and Bootstrap methods

•Anne Chao’s methods

•ACE & ICE

Materials & Methods
Results
Species Accumulation Curves:
Have we captured all the species in the populations?
Species Accumulation Curves
30

25

20
Number of species

LBunut S Mean (runs)

15 Maludam S Mean (runs)
Lowland S Mean (runs)

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Number of individuals
Species Accumulation Curves
:Loagan Bunut Peat Swamp
35

30

25

20
S Mean (runs)
S(est)
S(est) 95% CI Lower Bound
15 S(est) 95% CI Upper Bound

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Species Accumulation Curves
:Maludam Peat Swamp
16

14

12

10

S Mean (runs)
8 S(est)
S(est) 95% CI Lower Bound
S(est) 95% CI Upper Bound
6

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Species Accumulation Curves
:Loagan Bunut Lowland Forest
35

30

25

20
S Mean (runs)
S(est)
S(est) 95% CI Lower Bound
15 S(est) 95% CI Upper Bound

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Abundance Data: Singletons and
Uniques
Loagan Bunut Peat Swamp
10

6
Number of Species

5 Singletons Mean
Doubletons Mean
Uniques Mean
4
Duplicates Mean

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Number of Individuals
Abundance Data: Singletons and
Uniques
Maludam Peat Swamp
10

6
Number of Species

5 Singletons Mean
Doubletons Mean
Uniques Mean
4
Duplicates Mean

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Number of Individuals
Abundance Data: Singletons and
Uniques
Loagan Bunut Lowland Forest
12

10

8
Number of Species

6 Singletons Mean
Doubletons Mean
Uniques Mean
Duplicates Mean
4

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Number of Individuals
Estimating True Species Richness
: Loagan Bunut Peat Swamp
70

60

50

S(est)
ACE Mean
40 ICE Mean
Chao 1 Mean
Chao 2 Mean
Jack 1 Mean
30 Jack 2 Mean
Bootstrap Mean
MMMeans (1 run)

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Estimating True Species Richness
: Loagan Bunut Peat Swamp
30

25

20

S(est)
15 MMMeans (1 run)
MM fitted

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Estimating True Species Richness
: Maludam Peat Swamp
16

14

12

10 S(est)
ACE Mean
ICE Mean
Chao 1 Mean
8 Chao 2 Mean
Jack 1 Mean
Jack 2 Mean
6 Bootstrap Mean
MMMeans (1 run)

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Estimating True Species Richness
: Maludam Peat Swamp
18

16

14

12

10
S(est)
MMMeans (1 run)
8 MM fitted

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Estimating True Species Richness
: Loagan Bunut lowland forest
45

40

35

30
S(est)
ACE Mean
25 ICE Mean
Chao 1 Mean
Chao 2 Mean
20 Jack 1 Mean
Jack 2 Mean
Bootstrap Mean
15 MMMeans (1 run)

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Estimating True Species Richness
: Loagan Bunut lowland forest
35

30

25

20
S(est)
MMMeans (1 run)
MM fitted
15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Simpson’s Index:
An Alternative to Species richness
Simpson Inv Mean
12

11

10

7 LBunut Simpson Inv Mean

Maludam Simpson Inv Mean
6 Lowland Simpson Inv Mean

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Shannon’s Index:
Species diversity
Shannon Index
10

6 Lowland
Maludam
5 LBunut

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Estimating Site Similarity

Two Sites Jaccard Classic Sorensen Classic

Maludam peat swamp

Loagan Bunut peat swamp 3.2 4.85

Maludam peat swamp

Loagan Bunut lowland forest 3.33 5

Loagan Bunut peat swamp

Loagan Bunut lowland forest 5.67 7.23
 Estimating Site Similarity
Two Sites ACE First Sample ACE Second Sample Chao Shared Estimated
Maludam peat swamp
Loagan Bunut peat swamp 12.235 31.856 8
Maludam peat swamp
Loagan Bunut lowland forest 12.235 36.29 10.571
Loagan Bunut peat swamp
Loagan Bunut lowland forest 31.856 36.29 24.8

Two Sites Sobs First sample Sobs Second Sample Shared Species observed
Maludam peat swamp
Loagan Bunut peat swamp 11 22 8
Maludam peat swamp
Loagan Bunut lowland forest 11 25 9
Loagan Bunut peat swamp
Loagan Bunut lowland forest 22 25 17