Training on Water Management, Sanitation

and Hygiene for Itang special woreda and

South Sudanese Refugees

Water, Hygiene & Sanitation

Date: August 18-19,2020

KUN GATLUAK KIER

WATER SUPPLY ENGINEER
 Objectives
After completing this session, participants will be able
to:
 Describe the concept of and the system components
integral to “environmental health”
· List the components of the “Hygiene Loop”
· List a number of immediate, medium, and longer-term
objectives of a displacement emergency water & sani-
tation programme.
 Understand the basic standards and indicators used
in water and sanitation programmes for assessing,
monitoring, and designing projects
Water & Sanitation
THE BIG ISSUES…..
 The Hygiene Loop
 Water Demand & Sources
 Quality Requirements
 Water Treatment
WHO Photo
 Site planning for sanitation
 Latrines
 Drainage
 The “Hygiene Loop” and Envi-
ronmental Health
 A systematic approach to community health

 Water system “components”

 Sanitation
 Hygiene

 Relates infectious diseases to environmental factors

 Seeks to modify environments to prevent or reduce

infectious diseases through water, sanitation and hy-
giene education
 Water & The Hygiene Loop
Water Supply

Hygiene Water Collection/

Transport

Wastewater/ Water Storage

Sewage

• Site Selection Food

• Needs Assessment
• Community Involvement
• Co-ordination
• Education
Water Source Management Concerns

Rainwater - Dependability
- Storage
Groundwater - Yield
- Equipment
- Protection
Surface water - Quality
Trucking / tankering - High cost
Existing systems - Distance
- Costs
Water Treatment Strategies

Prevention
 Protection of Sources
 Sanitation
 Sensitization/Education
Sedimentation
 Settling Tanks
 Storage Tanks
 Storage Containers
Filtration
 Rapid Filters
 Slow Sand Filters
Disinfection
 Boiling
 Chemicals: Chlorination
WHO photo
 UV
 Who Can Help?
Local Expertise
Engineers
Chemists/Laboratories
Community
Organizations
UNICEF
amref
RWIB
NGOs
Water Demand - Indicators and Planning figures ...
Individuals # in l/p/d
Drinking 3
Cooking 3
Hygiene 8 15-20
Laundry 6
Community
Health Center 50 l /bed/day
Feeding Center 25 l /bed/day
School 20 l /student/day
Further Needs
Sanitation
Irrigation
Livestock
 Environmental Sanitation

The goal is to improve community health through:

 good quality, reliable water supply;
 appropriate excreta disposal system;
 an organized, well-managed solid waste dis-
posal system;
 a systematic waste water and stormwater
drainage system;
 a well-designed, planned housing system
 a vector control mechanism.
Viability of Sanitation Projects is Im-
proved When…...
They are grounded in:
 traditional values of the target communities
 practices
 skills
 means

They involve the beneficiaries at all stages:

 needs assessment
 project identification
 planning, implementation, operation & maintenance
 monitoring & evaluation
WHEN TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE….
 What can be done immediately (hours and days)
to reduce risks of dehydration and disease?

 What can be done in the short - term (days and

weeks)?

 What can be done in the medium term (weeks

and months)?

 What can be done for the long term (months and

years?)?
EXPLAIN THIS PICTURE - using standards and indica-
tors that might apply to this situaiton
Conclusions
 Meet immediate needs im-
mediately and improve over
time
 Understand and use stan-
dards and indicators for as-
sessment, analysis, and
planning
 Water distribution and sani-
tary excreta disposal are so
important (and difficult) that
camp design should be cen-
tered around a water and
sanitation plan.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION

7.1.15.