Global

Warming,
Acid Rain,
Ozone
CLIMATE
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CHANGE Layer
Depletion,
Nuclear
Accident,
Holocaust
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WHAT IS CLIMATE
CHANGE?
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Climate change

 is the long-term alteration of temperature

and typical weather patterns in a place. ...
The cause of current climate change is largely
human activity, like burning fossil fuels, like
natural gas, oil, and coal. Burning these
materials releases what are called
greenhouse gases into Earth's atmosphere.
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Climate change
 Climate change is changing the way we
interact with our environments. With a
changing climate come potential
consequences for life on Earth.
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Global warming
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Global warming

 is a gradual increase in the earth's temperature generally due to the

greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other
pollutants.

 Some of the solar rays reaching the earth’s atmosphere are emitted back into
space, the rest is absorbable by the oceans and terrestrials which heat the Earth.
This heat is trapped by some of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,
warming the earth to sustain life. However, trapping extra heat causes the rise in
temperature of the earth resulting in global warming. Global warming is the
eventual heating of the earth’s surface, atmosphere, oceans which begins with the
greenhouse effect.
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 Greenhouse Effect Global Warming

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What does it mean?

It is the heat which escapes in the space, the The earth gets overheated by greenhouse gases and
greenhouse gases block this escaping heat and fossil fuels leading to the greenhouse effect, which is
hence it enters the earth global warming

Heat/Temperature aspect

It is how the atmosphere retains heat as the result Increase in the average annual temperature globally
of greenhouse gases

Cause

It is caused by atmospheric accumulation of gases It is caused by an increased concentration of

(methane and carbon dioxide, etc) containing some greenhouse gases in the atmosphere majorly
heat emitted by the surface of earth. contributed by human activities such as deforestation,
burning of fossil fuels, etc.
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ACID RAIN

 Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that

includes any form of precipitation with acidic
components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that
fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or
dry forms.  This can include rain, snow, fog, hail
or even dust that is acidic.
 What Causes Acid Rain?
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 Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX)
are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air
currents. The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen and other
chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.  These then mix with water
and other materials before falling to the ground.

 While a small portion of the SO2 and NOX that cause acid rain is from
natural sources such as volcanoes, most of it comes from the burning
of fossil fuels.  
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The major sources of SO2 and NOX in
the atmosphere are:

 Burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity.  Two thirds of

SO2 and one fourth of NOX in the atmosphere come from electric
power generators.

 Vehicles and heavy equipment.

 Manufacturing, oil refineries and other industries.

Winds can blow SO2 and NOX over long distances and across borders making acid rain a
problem for everyone and not just those who live close to these sources. 
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Effects of acid rain

 Humans- The same pollution that causes

acid rain also cause respiratory disease and
worsen existing conditions. Acid rain also
causes mercury contamination of the food
chain, including fish, fish-eating birds and
fish-eating mammals (such as people).  
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Forests and Plants-

When acid rain seeps into the soil, it dissolves and eliminates nutrients
needed for healthy tree growth, such as calcium.  At the same time, it
releases aluminum from the soil, which trees absorb. The aluminum kills
tree roots, making it harder for trees to get water. These combined
stresses cause otherwise healthy trees to die from extremes of cold,
drought or disease that they would easily survive in non-acidic conditions.
This is especially true at high elevations, where all three stress factors are
increased and soils are thinnest and nutrient-poorest.
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Wildlife-

 By robbing the soil of calcium, acid rain weakens and kills

insects, snails and other calcium-shelled invertebrates
that summit-nesting birds eat to survive.  By releasing
aluminum from the soil, acid rain destroys adult fish gills,
suffocating them.  It also halts reproduction by making
fish egg membranes too tough for hatchlings to break.
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Buildings, monuments and sculpture-

 Acidic precipitation erodes stone, brick and concrete

buildings; cemetery headstones and mausoleums,
bronze statues and monuments; copper roofing and
drains; and, leaded stained-glass windows.
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Ozone Layer Depletion

z Covers the entire planet
and protects life on Earth
by absorbing ultraviolet-B
radiation from the sun.
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Ozone Layer Depletion

 gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the

upper atmosphere caused by the release of
chemical compounds containing gaseous 
chlorine or bromine from industry and other
human activities.
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 depletion is a major environmental

problem because it increases the amount
of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches
Earth’s surface, which increases the rate
of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic
and immune system damage.
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Nuclear Accident

 an event that has led to

significant consequences to
people, the environment or
the facility. Examples
include 
lethal effects to individuals,
large radioactivity release
to the environment, 
reactor core melt.
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  major environmental concern related to

nuclear power is the creation of
radioactive wastes such as uranium mill
tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and
other radioactive wastes. These
materials can remain radioactive and
dangerous to human health for
thousands of years
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 Holocaust,
Hebrew Shoʾah (“Catastrophe”),

 https://www.britannica.com/event/Hol
ocaust

 killing of six million Jewish men,

women, and children and millions of
others by Nazi Germany and its
collaborators during World War II.
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Following the Enlightenment (late seventeenth century – early nineteenth century), there was a growth in nationalism .
The rise in nationalism intensified the rise in antisemitism, which had also been growing since the Enlightenment.
The First World War (1914-1918) strengthened these feelings of nationalism across Europe,
as nations were pitted against each other.

In 1918, Germany lost the First World War. Many people within Germany, including Adolf Hitler, found
this loss very difficult and humiliating to process. Instead, many looked for scapegoats to blame

This led to the Stab-in-the-Back Myth. The Stab-in-the-Back Myth was the belief that the
German Army did not lose the First World War on the battlefield, but was instead betrayed
by communists , socialists and Jews on the home front. This myth fostered the growth of extreme antisemitism , nationalism 
and anti-communism .
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