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A Doll's House FF
A Doll's House FF
HENRIK IBSEN
(1828-1906)
INTRODUCTION
• A Doll’s House premiered on December 21, 1879 in Copenhagen,
Denmark.
• Two weeks before the production, A Doll’s House was printed in book
form and sold 8,000 copies within two weeks.
• A Doll’s House was a hit in Scandinavian countries, but it would not
be produced in other parts of Europe until two years after its premiere.
• A Doll’s House opened in London in 1889 after a ban against its
production had been lifted. It opened in New York in 1894.
• The play was adapted for film several times. The two most famous
were both released in 1972. One directed by Joseph Losey, starring
Jane Fonda, David Warner, and Trevor Howard, and the other directed
by Patrick Garland, starring Claire Bloom, Anthony Hopkins, and
Ralph Richardson.
CONTROVERSY
• When it was first staged, A Doll’s House was controversial, even
scandalous, as it questioned the conventional roles of the husband and wife
in the sacred institution of marriage, arguing, it seemed, for the liberation of
women.
• Many saw Nora’s act of leaving her family as a selfish abandonment of her
duties as wife and mother.
• Others argued that her embarkation on a journey of self-discovery would
not only make her a more independent and stronger individual but also a
better mother.
• Ibsen said that he was arguing not for women’s rights but for justice for all
humanity.
• For the play’s German debut, Ibsen was forced to write an alternative
ending, one in which Nora looks at her children before she is about to leave,
collapses to the floor, and decides to remain. Ibsen later called the ending a
THE AUTHOR – HENRIK IBSEN
• Ibsen was asked several times. Once, he said, “Certainly, she does.”
• But, on another occasion, he responded, “How do I know? It is
possible that she returns to her husband and children, but also possible
that she becomes an artiste in a traveling circus.”
• The play, of course, keeps the ending open. We cannot say with any
certainty what the future holds for Nora or her family.
TORVALD HELMER