Major Debashish - Hemanth (22039)

B.
TECH MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION 2021-22

National Institute of Science & Technology
Properties of Geopolymer Brick made with Flyash,

GGBS and Rice Husk Ash
Project ID: 22039
By
Student 1: Bathina Hemanth Kumar Student 2: Debashish Gouda
Roll No: CE201810183 Roll No: CE201810550
Under the guidance of

Prof. Sujit Kumar Rout
B.TECH MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION 2021-22
CONTENT
 Introduction
 Objective
 Literature Review
 Problem Statement
 Materials Used
 Properties
 Methodology
 Preparation and Testing
 Cost Analysis
 Conclusion
 Reference
201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 2

INTRODUCTION
 Brick is the most commonly used building material in India for more than
1000 years.
 Fired clay bricks are most commonly used in India.
 But nowadays fly ash bricks have been tremendously being used due to the
reduction in cost as well as its light weight.
 Geopolymer bricks are the latest innovation in the brick industry which
consist of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or GGBS
activated by an alkaline activator.

OBJECTIVE
 To utilize the waste material like flyash, rice husk ash ,wood powder
and GGBS.
 To check the strength criteria of geopolymer brick.
 To achieve lesser cost compared to the regular cost.
Fly Ash rice husk ash

LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTHOR NAME PAPER NAME AND DESCRIPTION

PUBLICATION YEAR
Lavanya B, Preet D Properties of geopolymer In this study, experimental work has been performed on
Kuriya, Suganesh S, bricks made with flyash and geopolymer bricks with flyash and
Indrajith R and GGBS ( 2020 ) GGBS as source material and sodium hydroxide and
Ramesh Babu sodium silicate as an activator. The molarity of
Chokkalingam sodium hydroxide was maintained at 12M for all the
mixtures
Raghulkumar, STUDY ON The main constituent of conventional clay bricks

Thirugnanasamband CONVENTIONAL AND contains rich silica and alumina and it
am GEOPOLYMER BRICKS replaced with various geo-polymer trial mixes. In this
( 2019 ) study, the compressive strength of
various bricks purchased and the manufactured geo-
polymer bricks have been tested. The test
results are to be compared with different types of
bricks.

LITERATURE REVIEW

PUBLICATION YEAR
Nicolas Youssef , Economic Analysis of This paper presents an economic analysis of
Zoubeir Lafhaj and Geopolymer Brick manufacturing geopolymer bricks for use
Christophe Manufacturing: A French in the construction sector. The manufacturing
Chapiseau Case Study ( 2020 ) processes of both geopolymer bricks and traditional
fired bricks were investigated.
J.Sutas , A.Mana Effect of Rice Husk Ash to This research has aims to study effect between rice
And L.Pitak Properties of Brick husk and rice husk ash to properties of bricks.
Comparative adding between rice husk and rice husk
ash were varied by 0 -10% by weight. The results
showed that more adding rice husk less compressive
strength and density of specimens.

LITERATURE REVIEW

PUBLICATION YEAR
S.Sasikumar Study on the Behavior of The following conclusions are arrived from the
Dr. M. Natarajan, Geopolymer Bricks Under experimental
Dr. N Balasundaram Different Curing study done on GPB with different concentrations of
And Dr.V.Karthik Temperatures and Alkaline alkaline
Solution Concentrations solution and curing temperatures.
 Geopolymer bricks can be used as a viable
alternative to
the conventional clay bricks.
 Class F fly ash produces better strength values.
N.Vamsi Mohan* Performance Of Rice Husk In this study, rice husk ash has been
Prof.P.V.V.Satyanara Ash Bricks utilized for the preparation of bricks in partial
yana*Dr.K.Srinivasa and full replacement of clay. Engineering
Rao properties like compressive strength, water
absorption and size and shape have been studied

LITERATURE REVIEW

PUBLICATION YEAR
Subharajit Roy, Experimental Investigation • The weight of geopolymer bricks is relatively lower than
Sanjith J,Jagath H on Geopolymer Bricks the conventional clay bricks (reduction up to 25%).
R, Chethan G • In case of both 7 and 14 days, the highest compressive
strength is exhibited by the geopolymer bricks with the
material ratio of 70:30 (with a constant alkaline solution of
1:10), compared to other combinations. iii.
• With varying percentages of alkaline solution, the highest
compressive strength is recorded in case of geopolymer
bricks with the alkaline solution of 1:10 (with a constant
material ratio of 70:30). This pattern is similar in the case
for both 7 days and 14 days.
Shimol Philip, Ajin Fabrication and • Molarity of alkaline activator solution can be varied and the
A., Farsana Shahul., Performance Evaluation of effect of molarity on the characteristics of bricks can be
Lenin Babu, Tina J. Lightweight Eco-friendly studied .
• Properties of binders can be varied by using different types
Construction Bricks Made of wastes such as paper waste, green leaf, etc.
with Fly Ash and Bentonite • Effect of temperature can be studied by burning the bricks
in high temperature as other normal bricks.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
 To study the engineering characteristic of Geo-polymer bricks made

with flyash, GGBS, rice husk ash and to solve environmental issues
caused by emission of CO2 in manufacturing of cement.
 Experimental study on strength of Brick made with Flyash, GGBS
partially replaced by rice husk ash.

MATERIALS USED
• FLYASH
Flyash is one of the residues generated in combustion and
comprises the fine particles that rise with flue gases. Flyash
usually refers to ash produced during combustion of coal.
• GGBS
Figure-FLYASH
Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) is a cementitious
material whose main use is in concrete and is a by-product
from the blast-furnaces used to make iron. Blast-furnaces
operate at temperatures of about 1,500°C and are fed with a
carefully controlled mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone.
Figure-GGBS

MATERIALS USED
• RICE HUSK ASH

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product of rice milling. Its use as a
soil stabilizer is an alternative to the final disposition with
environmental benefit. Because RHA is not self-cementitious, a
hydraulic binder such a lime must be added to form cements to
improve the soil strength. Figure-RICE HUSK ASH
CHEMICALS USED
 NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) 12M
 Na₂SiO₃ (Sodium Silicate) 12M
NaOH to Na₂SiO₃ ratio maintained

As 2.5. Figure-NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) Figure-Na₂SiO₃ (Sodium Silicate)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
TESTS Flyash GGBS Rice Husk

Ash
Specific Gravity 2.5 2.77 1.84
Consistency 33% 31% 54%

METHODOLOGY
 The raw materials collected such as

flyash, ricehusk, GGBS, wooden Fly ash
powder and alkali activators (NaOH,
RICE HUSK ASH
Na2SiO3) . Required materials
 Then we mix this raw materials in a GGBS
required ratio. Alkali Solution
 Pouring of mixture into the moulds then

drying in atmospheric temperature and Casting of
geo-polymer brick
pressure.
 Curing for a period of 7 days. Testing of
geo-polymer brick
 Removing from the moulds . PHYSICAL

Compressive Strength
 Then we go for checking of strength PROPERTIES
criteria . COST ANALYSIS
Compressive strength test

Cost analysis

PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS

• All the raw materials like Flyash, GGBS and Rice

Husk Ash were collected and kept in oven for 24 hours
to remove the moisture content .
• After removing all the moisture raw materials were
sieved by 425 micron sieve to get fine particles.
• Now materials are ready for brick preparation.
14
PREPARATION OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR

PREPARATION OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR

• 12M NaOH solution was used for preparing the
bricks, For preparing 12M NaOH solution, 480
gm of NaOH was dissolved in 1000 ml of
distilled water.
• Alkaline activator binder is a solution of sodium
hydroxide and sodium silicate. The ratio of
sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was kept at
2.5.
15
CASTING OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

• The alkaline activator is prepared in the laboratory by mixing with the sodium
hydroxide solution with the sodium silicate solution about 24 hours before actual
mortar mixings to enhance reactivity of the solution.
• Fine Aggregates, prepared in saturated surface dry condition, and the binders (Fly
ash and GGBS) were dry mixed thoroughly in the mixture.
• Premixed alkaline activated solution is then added gradually in the mixture.
BRICK SAMPLE-1 BRICK SAMPLE-2
16
CASTING OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

• Mixing is continued for further 4 to 6 minutes depending on the consistency of the

mixture.
• Prepared mixture casted on a mould of dimension 70.6mm x 70.6 mm x 70.6mm.
• Curing temperature is an important factor till now for the strength of geopolymer
bricks.
• Generally the curing which is done for geopolymer is after demoulding the
specimens are cured under the oven in a temperature of 100°C for 6 days.
BRICK SAMPLE-3 BRICK SAMPLE-4
17
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

• After curing of bricks the bricks are ready for

compressive strength test.
• Compressive strength of bricks is the capacity of brick
to resist or withstand under compression when tested on
Compressive testing machine [CTM]. The Compressive
strength of a material is determined by the ability of the
material to resist failure in the form of cracks and
fissure.
• After the test we got our results.
COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
18
MIX PROPORTION TABLE

SL. FLYASH GGBS RHA MIX DESIGN CS (N/ mm2)

NO.
1 50% 50% ----- M1 6.02N/mm2
2 50% ----- 50% M2 BROKEN
3 50% 20% 30% M3 14.58N/mm2
4 50% 30% 20% M4 15.36N/mm2
5 50% 40% 10% M5 14.306N/mm2
6 40% 40% 20% M6 14.030N/mm2
7 40% 30% 30% M7 12.25N/mm2
8 30% 50% 20% M8 8.04N/mm2
9 70% ----- 30% M9 5.9N/mm2
CS – Compressive Strength
19
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH GRAPH

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
18
16
14
12
N/mm2
COMPRESSIVE
10
STRENGTH
8
6
4
2
0
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
20
COST ANALYSIS
GEOPOLYMER BRICK CLAY BRICK FLY ASH BRICK
FOR 1 GEOPOLYMER BRICK FOR 1 CLAY BRICK FOR 1 FLY ASH BRICK
FLYASH REQUIRED 1KG = 0.8RS AFTER ADDING AFTER ADDING

GGBS REQUIRED 0.6KG= 0.15RS ( CLAY + COAL + MANPOWER) ( FLYASH + MACHINERY COST + MAN
RHA REQUIRED 0.4KG =0.1RS COST OF 1 BRICK = 7RS POWER )
ALKALINE ACTIVATOR = 0.16RS COST OF 1 BRICK = 5.5 RS APPROX
MAN POWER + PROFIT = 2 RS
TOTAL = 3.21 RS
= 3.5 RS Approx
(after adding some additional
cost)
• From above cost analysis it is clear that geopolymer bricks are more cost effective as compare to both Clay
Brick and Flyash brick.
21
CONCLUSION
 The addition of RHA had a significant effect on the compressive strength of

Brick.
 At the ratio of (50%,30%,20%) Flyash , ggbs and RHA respectively
brick shows highest compressive strength of 15.36N/mm2 after 7 days.
 Geopolymer brick is more cost effective than regular bricks.
201810183 Bathina Hemanth 201810550 Debashish Gouda 22

Reference
 Lavanya B, Preet D Kuriya, Suganesh S, Indrajith R and Ramesh Babu Chokkalingam

“Properties of geopolymer bricks made with flyash and GGBS” ( 2020 ).
 Raghulkumar, Thirugnanasambandam “STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL AND GEOPOLYMER
BRICKS”( 2019 ).
 Nicolas Youssef , Zoubeir Lafhaj and Christophe Chapiseau “Economic Analysis of
Geopolymer Brick Manufacturing: A French Case Study” (2020).
 J.Sutas , A.Mana And L.Pitak “Effect of Rice Husk Ash to Properties of Brick”.
 S.Sasikumar,Dr. M. Natarajan,Dr. N Balasundaram And Dr.V.Karthik “Study on the Behavior of
Geopolymer Bricks Under Different Curing Temperatures and Alkaline Solution Concentrations.
 Subharajit Roy, Sanjith J,Jagath H R, Chethan G “Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer
Bricks”.
 Shimol Philip, Ajin A., Farsana Shahul., Lenin Babu, Tina J. “Fabrication and Performance
Evaluation of Lightweight Eco-friendly Construction Bricks Made with Fly Ash and Bentonite”.

Thank You
201810183 Bathina Hemanth 201810550 Debashish Gouda 24

Major Debashish - Hemanth (22039)

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B.

TECH MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION 2021-22

Properties of Geopolymer Brick made with Flyash,

Under the guidance of

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 2

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 3

Fly Ash rice husk ash

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 4

AUTHOR NAME PAPER NAME AND DESCRIPTION

Raghulkumar, STUDY ON The main constituent of conventional clay bricks

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 5

AUTHOR NAME PAPER NAME AND DESCRIPTION

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 6

AUTHOR NAME PAPER NAME AND DESCRIPTION

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 7

AUTHOR NAME PAPER NAME AND DESCRIPTION

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 8

 To study the engineering characteristic of Geo-polymer bricks made

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 9

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 10

• RICE HUSK ASH

NaOH to Na₂SiO₃ ratio maintained

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 11

TESTS Flyash GGBS Rice Husk

Consistency 33% 31% 54%

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 12

 The raw materials collected such as

 Then we mix this raw materials in a GGBS

required ratio. Alkali Solution

 Pouring of mixture into the moulds then

 Removing from the moulds . PHYSICAL

criteria . COST ANALYSIS

Compressive strength test

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 13

PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIALS

• All the raw materials like Flyash, GGBS and Rice

PREPARATION OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR

PREPARATION OF ALKALINE ACTIVATOR

CASTING OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

BRICK SAMPLE-1 BRICK SAMPLE-2

CASTING OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

• Mixing is continued for further 4 to 6 minutes depending on the consistency of the

BRICK SAMPLE-3 BRICK SAMPLE-4

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

• After curing of bricks the bricks are ready for

COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE

MIX PROPORTION TABLE

SL. FLYASH GGBS RHA MIX DESIGN CS (N/ mm2)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH GRAPH

GEOPOLYMER BRICK CLAY BRICK FLY ASH BRICK

FLYASH REQUIRED 1KG = 0.8RS AFTER ADDING AFTER ADDING

MAN POWER + PROFIT = 2 RS

 The addition of RHA had a significant effect on the compressive strength of

201810183 Bathina Hemanth 201810550 Debashish Gouda 22

 Lavanya B, Preet D Kuriya, Suganesh S, Indrajith R and Ramesh Babu Chokkalingam

201810183 Bathina Hemanth Kumar 201810550 Debashish Gouda 23

201810183 Bathina Hemanth 201810550 Debashish Gouda 24

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