CHAPTER 1

SCIENCE IN OUR WORLD

Prepared by: Tr. Philip O. Paclibar
“PLEASE PAY ATTENTION. I CAN EXPLAIN
IT TO YOU, BUT I CAN’T UNDERSTAND IT
FOR YOU.”
- AUTHOR UNKNOWN
WHAT IS SCIENCE
Lesson 1.1
 WHAT IS SCIENCE

• comes from the Latin word “scientia” – to know

• a way of learning how things work
• connotes having knowledge
• a systemized body of knowledge based on facts
• systematic attempt to establish knowledge that helps explain
occurrences through objective means
 CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE
PURE SCIENCE Life Science, Physical Science, and Earth Science
• gathering information through experimentation for the pursuit of knowledge

APPLIED SCIENCE
• deals with the search for practical uses of knowledge and scientific laws

TECHNOLOGY
• from Greek word “tekne” (art, craft, and skill)
• brings about innovations and inventions; application of scientific knowledge
BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
Lesson 1.2
 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Science

Biological Physical Earth

Science Science Science
 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Science

Biological Physical Earth

Science Science Science

Zoology

Botany Science of living things

Ecology
 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Science

Biological Physical Earth

Science Science Science

Physics

Science of matter and energy

Chemistry
 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Science

Biological Physical Earth

Science Science Science

Geology

The systems of the earth Meteorology

Astronomy
 PURE NATURAL SCIENCE

LIFE SCIENCE PHYSICAL EARTH SCIENCE

SCIENCE
Science of Earth –
Science of living its physical features,
Science of matter
things origin, and
and energy
composition

Botany Physics Geology

Zoology Chemistry Paleontology

Genetics Astronomy Oceanography

Meteorology
 MATHEMATICS

• an applied field in Science

• referred to as language of Science
• used to communicate results obtained in the scientific
method
 LIFE SCIENCE

• also known as biology

• studies all aspects of living things
• studies the behavior, history and development of living organisms
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck coined the term
• Thomas Huxley insisted that all living things be studied in an
integrated way
 SUBDIVIDED INTO

• Biomedicine • Embryology
• Cellular Biology • Histology
• Developmental Biology • Molecular biology
• Ecology • Physiology
SPECIALIZATIONS IN
SCIENCE
Lesson 1.3
WHY DO BIOLOGISTS NEED TO STUDY
CHEMISTRY AND LIKEWISE, WHY DO
CHEMISTS NEED TO STUDY BIOLOGY?
FIELDS IN SCIENCES WHICH INTEGRATE
DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE:
 BIOENGINEERING

• application of engineering in living organisms

• creation of prosthetics (artificial limbs)
• imaging machines
 BIOSTATISTICS

• application of statistical methods to designing

experiments in medicine
 BIOINFORMATICS OR BIOMIMICRY

• using nature as an inspiration to design or innovate for

human use
• Greek – mimeses (to imitate)
 INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF SCIENCE

• the DNA double helix was introduced by a chemist and a physicist

• applied science – when it serves a purpose
 STEAM ENGINE

• Greek mathematician Hero theorized the use of steam as source

of mechanical power
• Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine for use in
coal mines
• James Watt – made improvements to conserve 75% of energy
which is normally lost – led to steam boats
 PATIS

• was accidently discovered by Ruperta David

• left salted fish inside jars
• fish underwent fermentation
 DNA ANALYSIS

• used in solving crimes

 SOLAR POWER

• used in calculators and homes

• Alternative energy source
 DISADVANTAGES

Technological advancement may cause:

 degradation of air quality
 harmful effects on the health and environment
 global warming
 improper use of technology
 SCIENCE
BREAKTHROUGHS
Lesson 1.4
 BREAKTHROUGH

• a euphoric moment that reveals an idea or even an

accidental solution to a need or a problem
MAY IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH:

• cures for diseases

• increase food production
• improve procedure for solving crimes
• developing machines that do work efficiently
 PENICILLIN

• discovered by Alexander Fleming

• left petri dishes with cultured staphylococci bacteria
• after a week, he noticed molds growing that actually controlled
the growth of harmful staphylococcus aureus bacteria
(pure science)
 HOWARD FLOREY AND ERNST CHAIN

• provided medical support during WWII

• developed a powdered form of penicillin
• successfully treated a human in 1941
• all three were awarded the Nobel

(technology)
 IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION
(IVF)

• part of assisted reproductive therapy (ART)

• fertilization of ovum outside the mother’s womb
• treats bareness or the inability of a woman to become
pregnant
 PROCESS OF IVF

1) an ovum is taken form a mother’s ovary

2) it is fertilized in a test tube with the father’s sperm
3) returned to the mother’s womb for the egg to grow and
develop
4) or implanted to a woman’s womb
 TRIVIA

• Lesley Brown gave birth to Louise Joy Brown, the first test
tube baby

July 25, 1978

 ETHICAL ISSUES

• What happens to the embryos that are not implanted

to the womb?
• What are the repercussions of such?
• Would it be considered as murder? Why or why not?
 YOUNG SCIENTISTS

• Angelo Casimiro
• a 15 year-old Filipino student who invented a device that
could recharge personal devices such as smart phones
• device is attached to the in-sole of the shoe with
piezoelectric component that can generate 26 volts
• piezoelectric sensor - a device that uses the piezoelectric
effect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, strain or
force by converting them to an electrical charge
 PANCREATIC CANCER DETECTOR

• Jack Andraka
• 16 year-old from Maryland, USA
• his uncle died of pancreatic cancer
• designed a paper sensor to detect chemicals in the blood to
help detect the disease quickly and easily
• won $75,000 at the 2012 Intel International Science award
 MILKFISH BILE AS ANTICANCER DRUG

• Angeli Joyce Dy
• studied/researched the use of milkfish bile as possible anti-
cancer drug
• 14 year-old from Roxas City, Capiz
 JOSETTE TALAMERA BIYO

• innovations on how to teach science in schools

1) conducting field studies
2) building a scientific library
3) building linkages
4) holding science forum (forums or fora)
5) teaching students laboratory and field techniques
 SCIENCE
BREAKTHROUGHS
Lesson 1.5
E = mc
GOOD VS. BAD
2
SOURCE OF ENERGY
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
 SOLVE

m = 1 kg
c = 3 × 10 m/s
8
 CLONING

• a series of process that genetically creates a genetic

twin of an organism

• Types: DNA cloning; reproductive cloning;

therapeutic cloning
 DNA CLONING

• generates copies of DNA of interest

application:
embryo cloning
not to create a whole human
only for biomedical research
from one cell to an organ
stem cell research
 REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

• create an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as previous

or existing animal